18 president's address. 



But he found that this was untenable for G. cy dopier a. T, for 

 my part, am confident that all species of Goodeniacese are cross- 

 pollinated. Archdeacon Haviland also observed that a native 

 bee was the pollinating agent in this species. 



Mr. E. Haviland's papers included observations on Lobelia, 

 and Wahlenhergia, and I also worked out the pollination of these, 

 and of three species of Ccmdolha {Stylidium). Comparing the 

 methods of pollination in these three families and Composita^, 

 (the four being closely related and placed together in tlie series 

 Campanulatse of the Sympetalese), we find that a very similar 

 arrangement of the stamens and pistil is so modified in each 

 family as to secure cross-pollination in verydifterent ways. The 

 CucurbitaceiF, belonging to the same series, having separate 

 staminate and pistillate flowers, necessarily do not present the 

 peculiarities which follow. In all the families, at some stage of 

 flowering, the stamens form a close ring or rather tube, enclosing 

 the style. In Compositie, they are higher than the closed 

 stigma, which grows out through the tube, pushing the pollen 

 before it. Insects visiting the flower-heads remove the pollen: 

 later on, the stigma opens and curls back, and is then likely to 

 be pollinated by visitors. But if not, it always has the chance 

 of getting its own pollen or that of neighbouring flowers when 

 the stigmatic lobes curl round, as they do later. 



In Lobeliacese, the stamens also form a tube, with the closed 

 stigma at the base of the tube. When the anthers are about to 

 dehisce, the style lengthens rapidly, and the pollen is pushed 

 out of the anther-tube, a process assisted by the fact that the 

 outside of the stigma is covered with delicate, beaded hairs. 

 When the closed stigma finally emerges from the tube, the hairs 

 wither and drop off, carrying any adherent pollen, and then the 

 bifid stigma opens, and is ready to receive pollen from visitors. 

 In this case, there is no provision for self-pollination if cross- 

 pollination does not ensue, and the ovaries, in that case, do not 

 develop. 



In Wahlenbei-gia, the stamens are arranged so that the anthers 

 dehisce, and leave the pollen attached to the style, which is pro- 

 vided with sticky glands. The trifid stigma is, at this time, 



