BY R. J. TILLYARD. 199 



very strongly sessile upon mc; in other words, M3-1.4 again divides 

 before it has passed far from t round the border of mc. M3 con- 

 tinues on as the lower border of wic, and passes on to the wing 

 border without branching, in Archipanorpa as in all Trichoptera 

 and Mecoptera. M4, in Archipariorpa and all Mecoptera, 

 behaves differently from what it does in most Trichoptera (see, 

 however, the formation in Text-fig. 3). Diverging strongly from 

 M3, it picks up a branch Cuj^ throivii out anteriorly from Cuj. 

 In Mecoptera (Text-fig. 7), the two fuse and continue on to the 

 wing-border as M4 -f- Cuia- In ArcMpanorpa, they only fuse foj- 

 a short distance, and then run separately to the wing-border. 



(8) Thus far, the structure of the wing is clear. Below and 

 basad from Cui, not enough is preserved for us to be sure of the 

 structure of the anal area. In all recent Mecoptera, Cug is 

 present in the forewing (arising from Cuj very close to the wing- 

 base), but absent in the hindwing. It would appear that the 

 original Cu is completely altered in the hindwing, Cuj having 

 become fused with M, and Cuo with 1 A. The remnants of the 

 base of Cuj are to be seen as a short, weak, waved vein running 

 in a curve from the base to join M a short distance beyond the 

 base (Text-fig. 7). Bearing in mind the archaic structure of 

 Archipanorpa, the presence of many longitudinal veins, and 

 especially the presence of the costal vein C in both wings, I 

 think the probabilities are all in favour of a normal (Juo being 

 present in the hindwing of Archipanorpa. I have, therefore, 

 restored the wing on that supposition. The suggested anal area 

 calls for no comment. The complete restoration of both wings 

 is given in Plate ix. 



With regard to the question of the wing-coupling apparatus, it 

 has generally been assumed that the Mecoptera are descended 

 from forms in which the wings were free and unconnected in 

 flight. But, in a new family of the Order which I have recently 

 discovered in Tasmania, I was surprised to find a well-developed 

 wing-coupling apparatus present, consisting of jugal lobe on the 

 forewing, and jugal process with frenulum on the hindwing. As 

 in the Planipennia and in the females of most moths, the 

 frenulum consists of two strong bristles directed obliquely out 

 wards. Following up this discovery, T examined other genera of 



