30 NATURAL SCIENCE. July. 



with by Chudzinski (15), Flower (28), Virchow (84), Deniker (17), 

 Bolau (10), Bischoff (7), and Huxley (496). The alimentary canal 

 has been observed, though only in a cursory manner, by Virchow (84), 

 Deniker (17), Chapman (13), BischofF (7), Bolau (10), Flower (28), 

 and Hartmann (40). MacaHster and Deniker mention the presence 

 •of salivary glands (!) But of the pancreas, the supra-renal bodies, the 

 arrangement of the peritoneum and mesenteries, and the sympathetic 

 system of the abdomen, we know practically nothing. 



The Respiratory System. — A great deal has been written on 

 the larynx and laryngeal sacs : Ehlers (23), Deniker (17 and 19), 

 Bischoff (7), Duvernoy (22). The function of these sacs is unknown. 

 The lungs are partially described by Ehlers, Bolau, Bischoff, Deniker, 

 and Hartmann. 



The Circulatory System. — One would scarcely expect to find 

 any peculiar feature about the heart of the gorilla, and none has 

 been recorded, yet one would expect that the disposition of the 

 pericardium and its relationship to the diaphragm would be different 

 from that found in man. Only Bolau, Deniker, Ehlers, and Bischoff 

 make mention of the heart. Our knowledge of the arteries of the 

 gorilla we owe to Deniker (17) and Eisler (24). This system, 

 especially as regards the veins, requires much more attention. 



The Lymphatic System and the Ductless Glands. — Of the 

 lymphatic system nothing is known except in a most general way. 

 The spleen has been figured by Bischoff (7) and Deniker; Virchow (84) 

 alludes to it ; so does Bolau. Deniker and Ehlers give a short 

 ■description of the thyroid ; the thymus, supra-renal bodies, pineal 

 and pituitary bodies, the carotid, and coccygeal bodies have never 

 been described. 



The Genito- Urinary System. — The kidney of the gorilla, like 

 that of the other anthropoids, has only one papilla, and has been 

 described by Deniker (17), Virchow (84), Bolau (10), and Ehlers (23). 

 Its microscopic structure and development require to be investigated. 

 The bladder and its relationship to the pelvis and pelvic fascia have 

 not been noted. The testicle is cursorily described by Ehlers and 

 Chapman, but the prostate and the urethra have not been examined. 

 Duvernoy, Ehlers, Huxley (496), Owen {Proc. Zool. Soc, 1859), and 

 Chapman have described the external genital organs. The repro- 

 <iuctive system of the female requires examination, although Bischoff 

 {6), Deniker, Bolau, Ehlers, and Hartmann (42) have already made 

 -contributions to this subject. 



Organs of Sense. — These are not likely to show any marked 

 differences from those of man ; yet it would be well to give them 

 the attention they have not yet received. 



External Characters, Configuration, and Proportions.— 

 Pigeon-hoUng systematists have devoted most of their attention to 

 this aspect of the gorilla, so that a great part of hterature is devoted 

 ±0 these more superficial and accessible characters. Very good 



