32 NATURAL SCIENCE. July. 



that exists between the gorilla and the chimpanzee came out very 

 clearly in the famous dispute over " Mafuca." Mafuca was an 

 animal in the Dresden Gardens labelled chimpanzee ; Nissle (63) 

 saw her and said she was a gorilla ; Meyer, of Dresden, maintained 

 she was a chimpanzee ; Hartmann came from Berlin and declared 

 her to be a gorilla ; Bolau came from Hamburg and certified her to 

 be a chimpanzee. The difference between the gorilla and the chim- 

 panzee cannot be so very great when four such authorities cannot 

 make up their minds in common. Koppenfels (59) accounted for the 

 difficulty of distinguishing between the two by alleging that hybrids 

 occur (a fact which I should not be astonished to find substantiated), 

 and sent a skin and skull of such a supposed hybrid home from 

 Africa to Meyer, who, however, did not agree that it was a hybrid. 

 Local varieties will probably be found to occur ; such seem to be the 

 specimens described by Alix and Bouvier (2) under the name of 

 Gorilla mayema. There may be distinct species of gorilla ; but the 

 specific characters ascribed by Alix and Bouvier to Gorilla mayema 

 may be due to age, sex, individual, or local peculiarities of the two 

 specimens described by them. At any rate, G. mayema cannot be 

 accepted as a true species until it has been shown that the animals 

 which possess its characters live, socially and sexually, apart from 

 the common form of gorilla. 



REFERENCES. 



1. Aeby, Ch. — "Beitragezur Osteologie des Gorilla." Morph.Jahrb. ,18^8. Bd.iv., 



pp. 288-313, 5 figs. A description of the skeleton of a male adult gorilla ; 

 especially of the articular ends of the long bones. 



2. Alix, £}., et Bouvier, A. — " Sur un nouveau Anthropoide {Gorilla Mayema} 



provenant de la region du Congo." Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1877. t. ii., 

 pp. 488-490. From an examination of a young female animal and the skin 

 and skeleton of an adult female, they came to the conclusion that there were 

 at least two species of gorillas — this one, Gorilla mayema, and the more 

 common one, G. gina of I. G. St. Hilaire. Abstract in Compt. Rend., 1878, 

 t. Ixxxvi. pp. 56-58. 



3. Bischoff, T. li. "W. — " Ueber die Verschiedenheit in der Schaedelbildung 



des Gorilla, Chimpanse und Orang, vorziiglich nach Geschlecht und Alter." 

 Miinchen : 1867. 4to, 94 pp., 22. pis. The skulls of two old male, three 

 old female, and three young animals are partially described. 



4. . — " Uber das Gehirn eines Gorilla und die untere oder 



dritte Stirnwindung des Affen." SB. Math.-Phys. CI. Ak. Wiss. Miinchen, 

 1877. Bd. vii., pp. 96-139, 6 figs. Pansch and Thane describe the same 

 brain. 



5. . — " Das Gorilla-Gehirn und die untere oder dritte Stirn- 

 windung." Morph. Jahrb., 1878. Bd. iv. Suppl., pp. 59-73. An argu. 

 mentative article, the author being in doubts as to the brain described by 

 Broca having really been a gorilla's brain. 



6. . — " Ueber die iiusseren weiblichen Geschlechts-und 



Begattungs-Organe des Menschen und der Affen, etc." Ahh. Math.-Phys. CI. 

 Ak. Wiss. Miinchen, 1880. Bd. xiii., Abth. ii., pp. 209-274. Three young 

 gorillas were examined. 



