1896. ENGLISH AMBER AND AMBER GENERALLY. 105 



mouthpieces for pipes, and so on. But such articles are also imported 

 from Germany, just as is rough amber, and I remember very well 

 having seen in the windows there a good many specimens from Danzig 

 and Konigsberg. Of course it is cheaper to import the articles from 

 German manufacturers, where they are worked en gros, than to 

 engage a workman at home to make single objects. Still, English 

 succinite is worked on a small scale in England. Moreover, this branch 

 of industry is by no means limited to Prussia. Though the greatest 

 manufactories exist there, particularly at Danzig, Konigsberg and 

 Stolp, succinite is worked in various parts of Europe ; as, for example, 

 in Russia (Polangen, Ostrolenka), Sweden (Malmo), Denmark 

 (Copenhagen), and elsewhere. 



Regarding the widely-spread occurrence of succinite, it is very 

 probable that the marine Tertiary deposit which contained this fossil, 

 was, in old times, not limited to the Samland, but had a much 

 greater extension. Of course a good deal may have been carried 

 down by the advancing of the ice during the ice age, and then by the 

 waves, but that alone would not account for its appearance in 

 Finland and England, in Sweden, Poland and Central Germany, here 

 and there even in large quantities. Again, some geological observa- 

 tions seem to indicate that the district of the amber forests once 

 extended over a wide area from east to west. For in several localities 

 of West Prussia and Pomerania greensands exist similar to the 

 Blue Earth of the Samland, though succinite has not been found in 

 them hitherto ; but the large greensand deposit of Eberswalde, near 

 Berlin, does contain succinite. Further, in Mecklenburg, Schleswig- 

 Holstein, Denmark, and Sweden, geologists assume that the succinite 

 found there is derived from destroyed Tertiary deposits of those 

 countries. Moreover, the succinite of England was not carried there 

 from Samland, but was probably washed out of a diluvial or Tertiary 

 bed, which is not preserved now or which is covered by the North 

 Sea. A few specimens, as I have seen at Cromer, exhibit glacial 

 scratches, and probably they were derived from a diluvial deposit not 

 far from the English coast. Even those pieces could not have been 

 brought by the glacial current from the Samland, but from another 

 locality which was situated much nearer. 



In the Newer Pliocene forest-bed of Cromer one specimen has 

 been dug up, but it has not been possible to find another. It belongs 

 to the succinite group, and Clement Reid thinks it may have been 

 washed out of an older, perhaps underlying, deposit. Generally the 

 geological structure of Norfolk, with which he is so intimately 

 acquainted, leads him to assume an original continuity of the amber- 

 bearing bed from the Prussian coast (Samland) to within a short 

 distance of the English coast. For the eastward dip of the strata in 

 Norfolk, and the thickness of the London Clay at Yarmouth, ought 

 to bring Upper Eocene and Oligocene beds near to that shore. 



It is well known that worked amber is found in prehistoric graves 



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