August. 1896. SOME NEW BOOKS. 121 



" Greensands of New Jersey," and " Newark Formation " ; the 

 account given in the text, though by no means exhaustive, is far more 

 detailed than this. However, it is right and in accordance with 

 Lyeli's methods that the British student should learn his lesson from 

 the sections exposed in his native land, and the facts of British 

 geology are clearly and accurately set before him. 



But when we consider the palaeontology, which, to judge from 

 the abundance of figures of fossils, is intended to form no unimportant 

 feature of the book, we find that Professor Judd shares the ultra- 

 conservative opinions of nearly all British geologists, especially those 

 in official positions. Let us examine some of the said figures. A 

 few are new and good, as those of the Triassic reptiles, Lariosaurus, 

 Hyperodapcdon, and Tritylodon, but most are old friends that have 

 nothing but antiquity to recommend them. The erroneous restoration of 

 ^'Aechinodus" [ = Dapediiis) by Agassiz is reproduced on p. 278, although 

 more accurate ones have already reached most text-books. It should 

 have been stated that the restoration oi ^^ Megalosaurus bucklandi" on 

 p. 282 was a work of pure imagination, based on Marsh's Ceratosanyns 

 from North America, Pages 380 to 382 are crowded with caricatures 

 of fish from the Old Red Sandstone, though we thought they had been 

 exploded long ago; of these, Hugh Miller's drawing of Ptevichthys is the 

 most dreadful, and is made worse by the legend, which describes as 

 the mouth a depression that may be the orbital opening or a slime 

 canal ; it would have beeri easy to borrow Traquair's excellent 

 and accurate figures of this interesting creature. The engravings of 

 invertebrate animals and of plants are those with which we have been 

 familiar for the last fifty years, and it is cruel to keep them from their 

 well-earned retirement. So famous a publishing house as Mr. John 

 Murray's could surely spend a few pounds on modern cliches, even if 

 it could not afford to pay an artist. The drawings of Stvingocephalus, 

 for instance (fig. 540), give a very false idea of the well-known 

 deltidial structures to which such importance is now attached. 

 Granatocrinus ellipticiis of our Mountain Limestone is represented by 

 an incorrect drawing labelled " Pentvemites " : it is really time that our 

 students should be taught that Pentvemites does not occur in Britain at 

 all. So, too, the figure said to be Cypvidea, on p. 272, might have 

 yielded to one of those long since published by Rupert Jones. But if 

 impecuniosity may be put forward as an excuse for the absence of 

 decent illustrations, it cannot explain away some of the remarkable 

 statements in the text. Nipa is not confined to " the Molucca and 

 Philippine Islands, and Bengal," but is found in Ceylon, Borneo, and 

 New Guinea as well. It is said to be " allied to the cocoanut tribe 

 on the one side, and on the other to the Pandanus or screw-pine," a 

 sentence that we hope Professor Judd will explain to his own pupils if 

 not to others. Ptychodns, we are told, "is allied to the living Port- 

 Jackson shark, Cestraceon [sic] Phillippi [sic] " ; though it is now 

 generally admitted to be related not to Cestracion, but to the skates. 

 Archegosaurus viinov is described on p. 366 as from "the Coal-measures, 

 Saarbriick " ; but the coal-deposits of Rhenish Prussia were long ago 

 proved to be Lower Permian. The following remarkable sentence 

 was not, we believe, written by Lyell, and we cannot imagine where 

 Mr. Judd found anything so erroneous: — "The Echinodermata of the 

 Silurian include great numbers of Crinoids, all belonging to the 

 Palaeocrinoidea or Tesselata [sic] , in which the plates composing 

 the calyx are fused together." And a little further on it is still said 

 that " several peculiar species of Cyathocvinus are found in the 

 Wenlock Limestone," although Bather showed two or three years 



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