320 NATURAL SCIENCE. November. 



baur (238). Brief and general descriptions of the alimentary tract 

 are contributed by Chapman (229), Fick (235), Flower (28), Huxley 

 (■^gb), Mayer (160), Owen (261), Camper (228), Sandifort (271), and 

 Barkow (90). Wittmann (288) gives very exact figures, showing the 

 arrangement and distribution of the blood-vessels of the stomach and 

 bowel. Figures or descriptions of the liver are given by Barkow, 

 Chapman, Fick, Flower, Camper, and Sandifort {opp. citt.). Chapman 

 also describes the arrangement of the peritoneum. 



The Respiratory System. — The laryngeal sacs have frequently 

 been subjected to examination, the result being to show that although 

 at first there are two sacs, one from each ventricle, they may ultimately 

 become one by the absorption of the separating wall — see Fick (235, 

 127), Deniker and Boulart (19, 258), Sandifort (271), Camper (228), 

 Mayer (161), and Chapman (229). Descriptions of the larynx may be 

 found in Koerner (251), Mayer (161), Sandifort (271), Camper (228), 

 Westling (287), Cunningham (118), and Fick (235). Aeby (88fl) 

 and Chudzinski (230) have given descriptions of the lungs, while 

 nearly all the writers cited in this section have made some observa- 

 tions upon the pulmonary apparatus. Ruge (i8g) and Tanja (203) 

 have mapped out the limits of the pleural cavity. 



The Circulatory System. — The only observations upon the 

 form and size of the heart are those of Sandifort (271), Fick (235), and 

 Chapman (228). The arteries and veins have been done in part only. 

 Barkow (90) gives figures of the circle of Willis and of many vessels 

 of the extremities. Popowsky (265) has described the arteries of the 

 lower extremities ; Wittmann (288) the vessels of the alimentary 

 tract; Keith (147) the arrangement of the. arterial trunks from the 

 aortic arch ; Fick (235), Westling (287), Camper (228), and Sandifort 

 (271) record some observations on the arterial system. Gulliver (135) 

 gives measurements of the red blood corpuscles, and Ruge (189) 

 describes the position of the heart. 



The Genito-Urinary System. — The best description of the 

 male genital organs is given by Pousargues (258), less full accounts 

 being those of Sandifort (271), Barkow (90), Chapman (229), Fick 

 (127, 235), Mayer (160), Camper (228), and Crisp (114). Trinchese 

 (283), Bischoff (6), Camper and Barkow {dpp. citt.) describe very 

 briefly the genitals of the female. Slight references to the urinary 

 organs may be found in Sandifort (271), Huxley (49^), Chapman (229), 

 and Barkow (go). 



Psychology. — The motor centres have been localised by Beevor 

 and Horsley (220). The habits of the orang have been studied in the 

 jungle by Wallace (285), Miiller (272), Hornaday (247, 248), St. John 

 (270), Mohnike (260), and Wenckstern (286) ; in captivity by Darwin 

 (120), Bolau (225), Deniker (121), Fick (127, 235), Delisle (231/)), 

 Friedel (129), Hermes (i39«), Martin (159), Reuvens (184), Grant 

 (242), Camper (228), Brehm (225^), and Sclater (276^). 



Organs of Sense. — The circum vallate papillae have been 



