BY D. MAWSON. 431 



At Erromanga, between Traitor's Head and High Rocky 

 Islet, a submarine volcano was reported in 1881. 



Vanua Lava,* in the Banks Group, is famous for its boiling 

 springs, which, covering a considerable area, indicate its dormant 

 condition. 



Extinct Volcanoe s. — As practically all the islands of 

 the New Hebrides represent some part of the wreck from a 

 volcanic eruption, a list of the extinct volcanoes would embrace 

 almost all the Group not already included under the titles of 

 active and dormant. The several mentioned below are therefore 

 only such as are known to still preserve their typical shape. 



Ureparapara, Gaua, Merlav, and Aoba all have their craters 

 filled with water. Nguna, Mau, and Pele are cones of tlie later 

 basic eruptions of Efate. 



Hot Springs.! — The following have come under observa- 

 tion : — 



Boiling springs in an elevated region close to the easterly 

 slope of Mt. Suretamati on Vanua Lava. 



On the island of Tanna, in the vicinity of the crater of Yasowa 

 boiling springs are numerous. 



Hot springs on the island of Ambrym at Bat-in, and again on 

 the N.W. coast south of Rannon Anchorage. The temperature 

 of these springs was determined in 1894 by Capt. Purey-Cust to 

 be between 100° F. and 107° F. 



Hot springs on the island of Efate, l mile to the north of Quoin 

 Hill; again on the N.W. of Meli Bay, where hot water is 

 reported to ooze out of the sand between the tide-marks. 



Investigating the former of these latter two, we found warm 

 water oozing out of a considerable area of low-tying ground, 

 resulting in the formation of a swamp connected M^ith the sea. 

 The water was running only very gently, and the temperature 

 such that the hand could be immersed for half a minute without 



* The Rev. J. Atkin, in 186S, described the islands of Vanua Lava and 

 Gaua as active volcanoes; this is evidently a mistake. 



t The Rev. S. Ella reports the presence of a boiling spring on the island 

 of Gaua. This we were not able to verify. 



