SOUTH AFRICAN BAGVVoRMS. 165 



the anteinor half of the loop well-developed and those on the 

 posterior half rudimentary, or rather decreasing in size 

 towards the middle line (text-fig-. 8, e). Number of hooklets 

 on the abdominal legs range from 22 to 30, those on the anal 

 legs from 16 (probably abnormal) to 25, the average number 

 being 22. The hooklets have a strong base, with long, 

 pointed ends, strongly curved. 



The Bags. — The bag is more or less pear-shaped, not 

 more than four-sided, tapering gradually to a long point at 

 the lower end and not abruptly rounded at the upper end 

 (PI. XIII, fig. 8) . It consists of an inner silken, long, oval case, 

 to the outside of which are attached short pieces of thorns 

 and twigs. These are affixed transversely and attached in 

 the middle, the ends projecting free, and have the bark 

 gnawed off at the place of attachment. In the case of the 

 twigs being hollow the eaten-off portion extends so deep as 

 to expose the cavity of the stick. Probably the gnawed-off 

 material is mixed with the silk of the bag to make a thorough 

 union. Over these twigs there is spun another layer of silk, 

 enveloping them almost entirely, leaving only the tips 

 exposed. The entire structure looks as if it were some object 

 which had been entangled in a spider's web and had been 

 spun over by the spider, and as such it is probably well 

 protected against predaceous enemies and parasites. This 

 becomes the more probable, as from a batch of about fifty 

 bags of early mature larvee we have not obtained a single 

 parasite, while in some other species of bagworms, living in 

 the open, the number of parasitised individuals amounted to 

 from 40 to 60 per cent. 



The bag of the mature female reaches a length of from 30 to 

 45 mm. ; the male bags are somewhat smaller, their maximum 

 length not exceeding 35 mm. 



The Pdfa. 

 Male Pupa. — Length 12 mm. General colour chestnut 

 (II), wing-cases, declivities of abdominal segments carob- 

 brown (XIY). Surface shiny. 



