184 C. B. HAHDENBERG. 



The larva3 of C. moddermanni do not show the gre- 

 garious instinct which is found so highly developed in A. 

 junodi towards the end of the larval period, nor do they 

 conceal themselves by moving towards the centre of the 

 tree at the time of pupation. The bags hang singly and 

 fully exposed, the strong compact case being probably 

 sufficient protection against any interference from an outside 

 enemy. 



Food-plants. — Of these, C. moddermanni has a great 

 variety. At Lady smith. Natal, during a period of heavy 

 infestation, the writer found this species living on the follow- 

 ing trees and shrubs : peach, apricot, plum, quince, apple, 

 pear, loquat, cherry, pomegranate, oak, privet, roses, Macr o- 

 carpa, black wattle, various species of thorn tree (Acacia), 

 and an occasional specimen on citrus trees, while from 

 Pretoria specimens were obtained which had subsisted entirely 

 on the pepper tree (Schinus molle), and at Winkelspruit, 

 Natal, a few specimens were found on an Eucalyptus. 

 The individuals from the pepper ti'ee were on the average 

 very much smaller than normally, and were much behind in 

 their development, so this plant appears to be less favourable 

 to them. It has not been found on the silver oak (Grrevillea 

 robusta), nor on the wild syringa (Melea azedarach), and 

 since these were standing amongst heavily infested trees at 

 Ladysinith they appear to be immune. 



The Bag. — Cylindrical, consisting of an inner layer of 

 white silk covered with short twigs or thorns of the food- 

 plant. These twigs are subequal in length, placed parallel 

 and contiguous, and are attached over the entire length of 

 the bag, forming a compact, strong case. Usually, especially 

 in the case of the male bags, one or two, or even three of the 

 sticks are much larger than the others, and project below the 

 neck of the bag. If there are two these are usually placed 

 about diametrically opposite each other. The upper and 

 lower ends of the bag are free and movable, the silken lining* 

 being covered only with minute fragments of bark or dry 

 leaves (PI. XIII, figs. 9-13). 



