BY C. HEDLEY. l'Z6 



Livonia Gray. 



Livonia Gray, Brit. Mus. Cat. Volutidse, 1855, p. 8; MamiUana 

 Crosse, Journ. de Conch., xix., 1871, p.308, type, M. mamilla 

 Sowerby; Tate, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxxi., 1898, p.386: 

 rterospira Harris, Brit. Mus. Cat. Tert. Moll. Austr., 1897, p.lOO, 

 type, V. hannafordi McCoy. 



Livonia Gray, (not to be confused with lAvona* Gray, 1847) 

 was proposed for V. mamilla Sow^erby, and F. duhia Broderip. 

 As H. k A. Adams had already created Aiiriniaj solely for V. 

 dubia, the type of Livonia becomes mamilla, both by elimination 

 and by first mention. 



Morchi has pointed out that, in Cymhiola, the specific name 

 mamilla is preoccupied by Meuschen§ for the shell later renamed 

 V. scapha by Gmelin. 



The radula of L. mamilla has been shown, by GatlifF k Gabriel, 

 and that of L. roadniyhtcE by Verco, to conform to the pattern 

 of Cymhiola rather than to that of Scaphella.\\ 



Livonia seems to be closely related to Alcithoe, and more dis- 

 tantly to Ericusa. The only recent members of Livonia are L. 

 maniilla Sowerby, and L. roadnightce McCoy. 



Cymbiola Swainson. 

 Cymhiola Swainson, Zoological Illustrations, 2nd series. Vol. 

 ii., Part xviii., 1832, P1.83, type, Volnta vespertilio Linn., var.; 

 Scapha Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1847, p. 141, type V. vespertilio] 

 Aulica Gray, ojy. cit., type V. aulica Sowerby; Nobilia Gray, Brit. 

 Mus. Cat. Volutidse, 1855, p. 19; Ausoha H. k A. Adams, Gen. 

 Moll., ii., 1858, p 618; Vespertilio Cossman, Ess. Pal. Conch., iii., 

 1899, p. 117; Volutoconus Crosse, Journ. de Conch., xix., 1871, 

 p. 306; Tate, Proc. Roy. Soc. N. S. Wales, xxxi., 1898, p.386, type, 

 Volnta coniformis Cox. 



*Iredale, Proc. Malac. Soc, x., 1913, p.309. 



t H. & A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., i., p. 166, 1853. 



tMorch, Cat. Conch. Yokli, 1852, p. 123. 



§ Meuschen, Mus. Gevers., 1787, p. 328, Murex mamilla. 



ii Gatliff & Gabriel, Victorian Naturalist, xxvi., 1909, Plate iii., fig.5 ; 



Verco, Trans. Roy. Soc. S.A., xxxvi., 1912, PI. xvi., f.l. 



