168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1884, 



X iMalacoptery glens'] Subbranchiens, Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ire ed., t. 2, 



p. 211, 1817. (Tribe.) 

 X Jugulaires Malacopterygiens, Risso, Hist. Nat. de I'Europe, t. 3, p. 214, 



1827. (Tribe.) 

 X Apodes, Risso, Hist. Nat. de I'Europe, t. 3, p. 189, 1827. (Order.) 

 X Lotes, Oken, Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1816. 

 X Malacopterygii, Bonaparte, Giom. Accad. di Sci., v. 52 (Saggio Distrib. 



Metod. Animali Vertebr. a Sangue Freddo, p. 36), 1832 ; Isis, 1833, 



col. 1202. 

 X SubbracJiiani {Sternopygii). Bonaparte, Giorn. Accad. di Scienze, v. 52, 



(Saggio Distrib. Method. Animali Vertebr. a Sangue Freddo, p. 37), 



1832 ; Isis, 1833, col. 1202. 



< Malacopteryges, Swainson, Nat. Hist, and Class. Fishes, etc., v. 2, pp. 



167,197,1839. (As order.) 



< Anacanthini, Miiller, Abhand, K. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, 1844, p. 199, 



1846. (As order. ) 



< Oadi, Bonaparte, Catalogo Metodico del Pesci Europei, pp. 5, 22, 1846, 



(As order. ) 



< Physodysti, Gill, Cat. Fishes E. Coast N. Am., p. 7, 1861. (As suborder 



of Teleocephali) . 



< Anacanthini, Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 317, 1862. (As 



order. ) 



<; Anacanthini, Hackel, Generelle Morphologic der Organismen, B. 2, p. 

 cxxvii, 1866, (As suborder. ) 



= Anacanthini, Gill, Arrangement Families Fishes, p. 31, 1872. (As sub- 

 order of Teleocephali. ) 



> Anacanthini, Cope, Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Science, v. 20, p. 341, 1872. 



> Scyphohranchii, Cope, Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Science, v. 20, p. 341, 



1872. 

 ^ Anacanthini or Jugulares, Jordan «fc Gilbert, Syn. Fishes N. Am., p, 

 783, 1882, (As group or suborder,) 



Two open questions affect the constituency of the group. 



Prof, Cope, in his memorable "Observations on the systematic 

 relations of the Fishes", defined the group, which he referred to 

 his " order " Percamorphi, in the following terms : — 



1, "Anacanthini. Basis cranii simple, no tube; post-temporal 

 bifurcate ; scapular foramen between scapula and coracoid ; 

 superior pharyngeals three, horizontal, third little larger; dorsal 

 fin rays flexible, jointed. Includes the families Gadidse and 

 Macruridae^ both with isocercal caudal vertebrae," 



This definition is quite applicable to the typical Gadidae and 

 Macruridae, but there are several forms which have generally 

 been associated with them (and which have even been usually 

 considered to be more nearly allied to the Gadidse than are the 



