336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [1899. 



2 7. Engraulis ringens Jenyns. 



Engraulis ri/igens Jenyns. Voy. Beagle, 136, 1842 [Callao] ; Stein- 

 dacliner, Ich. Beitrage, 62, 'jH79 ; Giinther. vii, 386, 1968 ; Stein- 

 dachner, Fauna Cbileusis, 331, 1898 [Tumbes, Chile]. 



Local name, Anchobeta. 



The single specimen of this species is a typical Engraulis, and 

 when compared with the California specimens of E. mordax estab- 

 hshes Avithout doubt the individuality of the two species. 



They differ most markedly in coloring and in the shape of the 

 head. The specimens of E. mordax examined are truly spindle- 

 shaped, the dorsal and ventral outlines curving symmetrically from 

 snout to tail; in E. ringens the dorsal outline is nearly straight, 

 the greatest body depth is at the pectorals and the ventral outline 

 slopes without much curve to the caudal peduncle which is slightly 

 thicker in ringens (3^ in head to 3f in mordax). In the former 

 species the head is deeper in proportion to its length, being If in its 

 length at the occiput to lf-l|^ in E. mordax. The maxillary is 

 contained 5^ times in the length in ringens, 4^ in mordax. In the 

 former species the mandible reaches nearer to the end of the snout 

 than in the latter, ending about half way between nostril and tip of 

 snout. In E. mordax it does not quite reach nostril, thus falsely 

 giving E. ringens the appearance of having a shorter snout. The 

 distance from the end of the mandible to the tip of the snout is 

 contained 1| in the eye in ringens, to 1^ in mordax. 



In ringens the gill cleft is much longer, beginning almost level 

 with the back and the opercle is correspondingly produced, rounding 

 out in a full curve instead of descending abruj^tly to the posterior 

 angle as in mordax. The distance between the limit of the inter- 

 opercle and the outer edge of the opercle at the upper angle of 

 gill cover is contained in the head 5^ times in E. ringens, 7 times 

 in E. mordax. 



In ringens the pectorals reach two-thirds of the way to the ven- 

 trals, in mordax they extend almost to the ventrals. In the former 

 species the anal is somewhat more posterior, the distance from the 

 end of the anal to the beginning of the caudal being contained 

 twice in the head, to 2h times in mordax. The anal is somewhat 

 shorter in the former, its base being contained 6 times in the length 

 to 5^ in mordax. 



The dorsal is also shorter, its base being contained 2f times in 



