ON THE HABITS OF EUURA. 41 



Whether this habit of boring into the stem without 

 leaving the gall is a common one or not, I cannot 

 say in the meantime. 



From what I have said above it will be seen 

 that the bud-inhabiting species must be reckoned 

 -among our injurious insects. E. pentandrce is also 

 a destructive species. I have more than once seen 

 it destroy completely young trees of the sweet- 

 scented willow; every tAvig ^vould bear a number 

 of galls, and the total number on one tree I 

 observed must have been between two and three 

 hundred. By their action the life-blood of the 

 plant was sucked out and the twigs distorted in every 

 direction. 



In Cadder Wilderness I have found in September 

 the leaf-stalks of Sallx caprea swollen to more 

 than double their normal size, the swelling extend- 

 ing from the base to where the leaf itself com- 

 mences. This gall is inhabited by a larva of an 

 Lhiura, which, although I have not yet bred it, I 

 have no doubt is jE. venusta, Zaddach (Beoh. it. d. 

 Arten d. Blatt — und Holzwespen (2), p. 0). The 

 petiole is eaten out by the time the larva has 

 reached maturity, and it leaves it by making a. 

 large hole in the side. 



