THOMAS HOPKTRK OP DALBETH. 247 



cultivated in Dalbeth Garden, and Hopkirk in a 

 plate represents both the natural appearance and 

 the variety. Calices, ordinarily green, are not un- 

 commonly found petaloid. " When in consequence 

 of cold or wet seasons," says Hopkirk, " the corolla 

 of the Wood Crowfoot (Ranunculus auricomus) 

 becomes diminished in size or is altogether wanting, 

 the leaves of the calyx increase in size, and assume 

 — either partially on one side or entirely — the yellow 

 colour of the petals. In the same manner the tubu- 

 lar perianth in many varieties of Primulce becomes 

 enlarged, and acquires the yellow or red colour of 

 the corolla. This variety in the Polyanthus is well 

 known to florists under the name of Hose-in-hose.'* 

 He gives other instances, and in a note refers to the 

 remarkable transitions of colour in the calyx of 

 Gladiolus versicolor, which is stated to be brown in the 

 morning, and to change colour gradually during the 

 day, till towards evening it is a clear blue, and so pn 

 day by day till the flower fades. 



In our days we are somewhat familiar with 

 cleistogamous flowers, but it was with some sur- 

 prise that I first read the following passage in the 

 Flora Anomoia. " The Viola odorata, palustins, and 

 canina have their late flowers sometimes without 

 petals, and a plant of the latter which I found 

 without petals and transplanted into the garden, 

 continued so for two years, during which time it 

 regularly produced seed." 



At some length he enters into a consideration of 

 ^'double" flowers, and how they arise. His list "of 

 r}iultiplicate or full flowers, commonly called seTni- 

 douhle and double flowers," comprises 147 species. 



He adduces many other instances of coroUar 

 deviation, — transformations of petals and stamens 

 into nectaries, regular flowers into irregular, and 

 so on. Regular Peloria he gives instances of, while 

 irregular Peloria is illustrated in plate vii., figs. 1, 2, 

 and 3, as exhibited by Linaria vulgaris. In plate ix. 

 he represents proliferous flowers of the Rose. The 



