EINAR LÖNNBERG, ANATOMY OF THE RUMINANTS. 9 



tion bas of course taken place, but it bas not gone so far as 

 in Bos, In fact tbe penis of Poephagus verv nearly resembles 

 tbe same organ of a Cobus in wbicb tbe distal portion of 

 processus uretbraHs bas been cut off. Tbe band wbicb is 

 seen runnmg along tbe side of tbe penis of tbe Yak, corre- 

 sponds to one of tbose described from tbe Waterbuck. Tbe 

 spiral twisting of tbe organ is quite conspicuous. Tbe 

 sbape of tbe penis of tbe Yak is tbus very interesting as it 

 rigbtly may be said to form a connecting link between tbe 

 more ancestral »ovine» and tbe »bovine» type witbin tbe sub- 

 family Bovince itself. 



The structure of tlie uterus of Autelopes. 



In bis Avork on tbe visceral anatomy of tbe ruminants 

 Garrod (1) bas drawn tbe attention to tbe fact tbat tbe 

 cotyledons of different kinds of ruminants widely differ witb 

 regard to tbeir number. In tbe Cervidce be stated tbat tbe 

 number was quite small, Avbile in tbe Cavicornia and in Gi- 

 ra j fa it was very large. In tbe former it did not exceed a 

 dozen (Cervus elaphiis) but in tbe latter it amounted from 

 at least 60 to 180 (Giraffa). Tbe present autbor bas stated 

 tbat Ovihos (5) was provided witb a still greater number of 

 cotelydons viz. »between 90 and 100 in eacb cornu» (1. c. p. 

 162) and tbat tbey were »disposed in four rows». In Con- 

 nochcetes gnu tbe cotyledons were found to be arranged in 

 five rows and tbeir approximate number about 70 in eacb 

 cornu or about 140 in ali (7). 



So far, bowever, tbe present state of our knowledge 

 agrees witb tbe results found by Garrod, and tbe by bim 

 proposed names OliocotyledontopJiora for Cervidce and Polyco- 

 tyledontophora for Bovidce appeared "to convey a correct idea 

 about tbe conditions of tbe uterus in tbese two groups. This 

 depends, bowever, as will be proved below, on tbe deplorable 

 fact tbat so few ruminants are known witb regard to tbeir 

 anatomical details. 



Among tbe preparates of antelopes collected by Dr. Trä- 

 GÅRDH in tbe Zululand tbere is also an uterus of a gravid 

 Reedbuck (Rediinca arundiniim). Tbis specimen bas in one 

 cornu 18 cotyledons disposed in two rows, in tbe otber tbe 



