1908.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 75 



of the two chieftaincies above mentioned, are veiy close to that of the 

 Shoshones proper, much closer than to that of Utahs, notwithstanding 

 some M'idespread statements to the contrary. Between the dialect used 

 by the Goships and that of the more western bands the differences are 

 largely phonetic, certain sounds in one replacing certain ones in the other 

 with great regularity. Thus, ij at the beginning of syllables in Goshute 

 words commonly becomes n in the Goship. For example, ym'up, Goshute 

 for sternum, becomes nuYup in Goship; and, similarly, pai'ya, Goshute 

 for wasp, becomes pai'na. The names for less common animals or other 

 objects were occasionally quite different. Even between the Indians of 

 the Skull Valley and Deep Creek bands, between which there has been 

 continual intercourse and migration, certain phonetic differences in 

 language are found. Thus, the sound of z in the Skull Valley dialect 

 commonly changes to the sound of th in the Deep Creek; e.g., ma dzi'ka, 

 to cut, and madza'tua, to close, in the former, become respectively 

 ma dthi'ka and ma dtha'tu a in the latter. 



In the present paper I give a list of animal names and anatomical 

 terms used by these Indians. Wliere differences between the termin- 

 ology of the Goshutes and that of the Goships are known to exist the 

 different forms are given. Where no such difference is indicated the 

 term given is to be regarded as common to both in most cases. Many 

 of the names of animals are imitative, as is true of a larger number in our 

 own tongue than we commonly realize; a large number are descriptive 

 of feature or habit; while fewer have some legendary reference. No 

 effort is made in this place to present such philosophy as this people 

 had or has concerning the animal world, their animal legends, or their 

 many observations upon the habits and characteristics of the different 

 forms. Where the significance of a name is sufficiently clear the 

 analysis is indicated. Some of the names, because of age, seem to have 

 undergone changes, rendering analysis no longer possible. 



Certain endings and significant syllables occurring frequently may 

 be noted with ad^'antage. 



1 . The nominal ending -nump or -iimp is affixed to verbs to indicate 

 the means or instrument by which the actions represented by the verbs 

 are performed. For example: 



ha'vi nump, bed ; from ha'vi do, to lie down, and -niimp. 

 ti'tsi a nump, table-fork ; from ti'tsi, to stick into, and -nump. 



Less commonl}' it is used in the same sense as -up or -p as indicated 

 under 2, 



2. The ending -up or -p is used. 



