76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [April, 



(a) As a nominal ending indicating the object, substance or material 

 produced or involved- For example: 



tik'u'p, food ; from di'ka rro, to eat, and -up. 



pa' gin up, cloud ; from pa' gin, to produce water, and -up. 



(b) As an adjective ending. For example: 

 wi'do lip, leaky ; from ivi'do in, to leak, and -up. 



3. The particle na, used both as prefix and affix, designates a sup- 

 port, instrument or means. For example: 



na'dzi ta, walking cane ; from na, and dzi'ta, a stick or rod. 

 na'tze ya, handle ; from na and ma tze'ya, to carry. 



4. The particle do or rro is common 



(a) As an ending in verbs, particularly in those indicating personal 

 action. For example: 



ka'rri do, to sit down. 

 gits'hwai do, to chew. 



(6) As a nominal ending, designating the thing as the agent perform- 

 ing or the thing concerned in some action or object. For example : 



ma' si do, finger-nail; from ma, the hand (in compounds), si, indicating 

 extension in plate-like form, and do. 



5. ma, a particle indicating the hand or relation to the hand. For 

 example : 



ma' so gi, finger, 



mam'bi shu ga, to rub the hands together. 



6. da, a particle similarly indicating the foot or relation to it. For 

 example : 



da' so gi, toes. 



da'pi shu ga, to rub or scrape with the foot. 



7. tso, a particle often used as referring to or meaning the head. 

 For example : 



tso'ti gi nump, pillow ; from tso, ma tVgi, to place, and -nump. 

 tso' go tin, to bump the head ; from tso and go'tm, to strike. 



8. hi, a particle widely used to indicate life or part of a living body. 

 For example: 



