1908.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 519 



above. Scales somewhat mottled. Diisky vertical bar behind 

 opercle. Dusky cross-bar on dorsal and anal, other fins bright red 

 in spring-males, olive in females. Nearly entire upper surface of spring- 

 males tuberculous, and iris golden. Very variable, young differ in 

 appearance from adults. Length If to 6|- inches. Many examples 

 from Beaver and Kiskiminitas Rivers, Port Allegany (McKean Co.), 

 and Newcastle (Lawrence Co.). 



Found in the more quiet waters of our streams, frequently in small 

 runs and the deeper pools. It feeds on the bottom, frequently asso- 

 ciated with other small fishes, and is rather sluggish, though active if 

 disturbed. I have not found it in the small colder mountain brooks. 

 In the spring it ascends small brooks to spawn. I have found it some- 

 times infested with a fungus, appearing as a white fluffy growth, 

 in which cases the fish appears sickly or stupid. Not being very hardy 

 it is of little use as bait. It reaches a length of 8 inches and is little 

 valued as a pan fish. In our limits it is distributed only west of the 

 Alleghanies. 



Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque). 



Head 3|; depth 4|-; D. iii, 7, i; A. iii, 7, i; scales about 88 + 4; 

 28 scales transversely from dorsal to ventral origin; 40 predorsal 

 scales; snout 3f in head; eye 3|; maxillary 3f ; interorbital 3. Body 

 compressed, fusiform, deepest medianly. Head compressed, rather 

 tapering. Eye rounded, about first third in head. Mouth moderate, 

 oblique, terminal. Jaws about equal. ]\Iaxillary to eye. Rakers 

 about 2 -f- 7 short stumps. L. 1. short, scarcely beyond middle of 

 pectoral. Dorsal origin about midway between front eye margin 

 and caudal base. Anal little behind dorsal base. Caudal emarginate, 

 lobes equal. Pectoral almost to ventral, latter inserted little before 

 dorsal, reaches vent. Color olive-brown, often with blackish spots, 

 and dusky dorsal line. Sides silvery between 2 black lateral bands, 

 upper straight from upper opercle angle to caudal, sometimes broken 

 up behind, and broader lower one curved down little to end in caudal 

 black spot. Belly silvery. Length 1|- inches. Kiskiminitas River. 



This fish is only found west of the Alleghanies. It reaches 3 inches 

 in length, and is a beautiful little minnow, the spring males having 

 the sides between the black bands, belly and bases of the vertical 

 fins scarlet, the other fins orange, and the body everywhere minutely 

 tuberculate. The females are plainly colored, and usually with little 

 if any red. It is said to be very hardy and therefore attractive in the 

 aquarium, as well as desirable bait for bass and yellow perch. It is 

 also said to occur in clear cold brooks formed about spring-heads, 



