526 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [DeC, 



in blackish spot at caudal base, especially in young. Below silvery- 

 white, rosy-red in spring males. Dusky bar behind opercle. Iris 

 orange and yellow. Black spot at dorsal base in front margined 

 orange-red. Dorsal and caudal pale olive, other fins with vermilion 

 in spring males. Several large tubercles on snout and front of spring 

 males. Length If to 8| inches. A very large series: from the Dela- 

 ware R. basin in the Schuylkill R. ; Cobb's Creek, Collar Brook, Faw- 

 kes Run, first brook above Whetstone Run (Delaware Co.); Phila- 

 delphia: Susquehanna R. basin at Emporium (Cameron Co.); Muncy 

 (Lycoming Co.); Octoraro Creek at Nottingham (Chester Co.); near 

 Ephrata, Denver and Swamp Bridge (Lancaster Co.): Genesee R. 

 basin at Gold and Raymonds (Potter Co.) : Youghiogheny R., Meadow 

 Run (Fayette Co.) : Kiskiminitas R. : Beaver R. : Allegheny R. basin 

 at Warren (Warren Co.); Port Allegany (McKean Co.). 



This chub is found everywhere in our limits more or less abundant!}-, 

 not only in the larger streams but very often in the small clear moun- 

 tain brooks, where it often associates with Rhinichthys atronasus. 

 It is very voracious, and will eagerly take a hook with most baits, or 

 even a fly. Reaching a length of about 10 inches, it is said to be a 

 fair pan fish. It is also used as bait. The young differ considerably 

 from the adult in the blackish lateral band. I have found this fish 

 especially abundant in cold rapid trout streams, such as those in the 

 upper Allegheny valley. It is said to spawn in the spring or early 

 summer, constructing the "nests" about riffles or coarse gravel bars. 



Leuciacus vandoisulus Valenciennes. 



Head 3f to 4; depth 3| to 4; D. iii, 7, i, rarely iii, 8, i; A. iii, 

 8, I, occasionally iii, 7, i; scales 44 to 52, usually about 48 + 2 or 3, 

 usually 2; usually 10 scales, seldom 9 or 11, above 1. 1.; usually 6 

 scales, frequently 5, below 1. 1. ; 21 to 28, usually about 24, predorsal 

 scales; snout 3| to 3|- in head; eye 2| to 3^; maxiflary 2 to 2J; teeth 

 2^ 5-4, 2. Body compressed, deep. Head compressed. Snout 

 convex. Eye round, high. Mouth large, well inclined, mandible 

 protruding. MaxiUary to pupil. Rakers 2 -h 5 short denticles. 

 Scales well exposed. L. 1. well decurved, complete. Dorsal origin 

 midway between front eye margin and caudal base. Anal inserted 

 below last dorsal ray. Caudal deeply forked, lobes pointed. Pec- 

 toral reaching little beyond ventral, latter inserted well before dorsal 

 origin and reaches anal. Color olivaceous above, each scale margined 

 dusky and sides finely punctate with dusky. Leaden streak from 

 snout and shoulder back opposite ventral, bounded below on trunk 

 by streak of bright orange-red. Below white. Dorsal and caudal 



