530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [DeC, 



Ferry (Pike Co.): Susquehanna R. basin, at York Furnace (York 

 Co.); Nottingham (Chester Co.); near Denver and Witmer's Mills 

 (Lancaster Co.); Lopez (Sullivan Co.): Lake Erie at Erie (Erie Co.). 

 This is one of our most abundant species. It occurs in all our waters 

 and is sometimes found in large schools of thousands of individuals 

 in the Delaware tide-water. It is especially characteristic of pools, 

 ponds, cut-offs, in shallow or weedy places, and in still water. It 

 readily takes the hook, and though sometimes reaching a foot in length 

 is not considered much of a game fish. As a pan fish it is fair. It is 

 not much in demand for bait as it is not very hardy, though its bright 

 color is an advantage as a lure. Variation is quite noticeable, and in 

 color often extremes of bluish and golden are found. It is very gre- 

 garious, and the large schools of shiners one so often sees along the 

 shores of our creeks and quiet streams are frequently made up of this 

 fish, though it often associates with other species. The young are quite 

 different in color from the adult, having a black lateral band, which 

 disappears after they have grown several inches. 



Ceratichthys vigilax Baird and Guard. 



Known to me only from Evermann and Bollman's record from the 

 Monongahela River. 



Notropis bifrenatus (Cope). 



Head 3^ to 4^; depth Sf to 5|; D. iii, 7, i, rarely iii, 6, i; A. iii, 

 6, I, rarely iii, 7, i; scales usually 33, frequently 32 or 34, often 30, 31 

 or 35, seldom 29 and rarely 36 + usually 2, often 3, seldom 1 ; usually 

 11 scales transversely from dorsal origin to ventral, frequently 12, 

 seldom 10, rarely 13; usually 6 scales above 1. 1., frequently 5; usually 

 4 scales below 1. 1., rarely 5; usually 12, frequently 13, often 11 and 14, 

 seldom 10, rarely 15, predorsal scales; snout 3|- to 4|- in head; eye 

 2^ to 3| ; maxillar}'- 3^ to 4|- ; interorbital 2 to 3 ; teeth 4-4, rarely 4-3-. 

 Body rather compact, caudal peduncle little constricted. Head mode- 

 rate. Muzzle obtuse. Eye circular, high. Mouth oblique. Jaws 

 even. Rakers 2 + 5 weak points. Scales well exposed. L. 1. incom- 

 plete, usually only of about 11 tubes anteriorly. Dorsal origin nearer 

 snout tip than caudal base. Anal just behind dorsal base. Caudal 

 long, forked, lobes rather pointed. Pectoral not to ventral. Ventral 

 inserted about opposite dorsal origin and reaching trifle beyond anal. 

 Color pale straw-brown, scales on back brown-edged. Shining black 

 band with bluish tinge, from snout to caudal base, including mandible 

 edge. Orange band above this on snout in spring males. Below 

 silvery. Fins pale. Length lyV to 2j\ inches. Many examples : from 



