540 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF [DeC, 



dorsal, reaches anal. Color above dark bluish-olive, scale edges and 

 bases dusky. Sides and below silvery- white, tinged rosy in spring 

 males. Golden streak along upper side or back, most conspicuous 

 as seen from above when fish swims in the water. Dusky streak 

 behind gill-opening. Dorsal dusky, other fins plain, all edged broadly 

 bright vermihon in spring males. Red on fins pale or absent in females, 

 or young. Muzzle and head above in spring males tuberculous. 

 Iris silvery, golden in spring males. Length IfV to SfV inches. Very 

 many examples: from the Delaware R. basin at Kennett Square, 

 Ring's Run, Black Horse Run and first tributary below. Mill Run, 

 Willistown Barrens (Chester Co.); Collar Brook, Whetstone Run, 

 Langford's Run, Trout Run, Lewis's Run, Markam, Wawa (Delaware 

 Co.); Schuylkill R.; Abrams (Montgomery Co.); Holmesburg, Bustle- 

 ton, Torresdale (Philadelphia Co.); Cornwells, Hulmeville, Neshaminy 

 Falls, Little Neshaminy Creek, Newtown, Bristol, near Langhorne 

 (Buclcs Co.); Dingman's Ferry (Pike Co.): Susquehanna R. basin 

 at Emporium (Cameron Co.) ; Muncy (Lycoming Co.) ; Carlisle (Cum- 

 berland Co.); Paradise, near Denver, Swamp Bridge, Trout Run near 

 Ephrata (Lancaster Co.); Meshoppen (Elk Co.): Port Allegany and 

 Cole Grove (McKean Co.): Newcastle (Lawrence Co.): Kiskimi- 

 nitas R. 



Like the silver fin this is a most abundant species. It often asso- 

 ciates with this, its smaller relative, especially when young. The 

 breeding-dress of the spring male is very gorgeous, and is much more 

 brightly colored than that of the silver fin. The head above, and pre- 

 dorsal region, are much more coarsely tuberculate, and the former, 

 together with most of the fin-rays, becomes adipose-like or with a 

 swollen appearance. The red fin has an interesting habit of resorting 

 to clear shallows in the spawning season, which occurs about Phila- 

 delphia from late April to early summer. Schools of probably several 

 hundred of the brilliantly-colored males may be found, closely packed 

 together as a mass of crimson and purple, in these places. The females 

 did not seem to take part in these gatherings, or at least I was unable 

 to identify any in the several schools captured. From this it appears 

 that they precede the males to the spawning grounds. Sometimes 

 the males are herded in clear riffles, but usually where there is a sandy 

 or clear pebble bottom. The females, besides being paler in color, lack 

 the tubercles usually. The young are without any red, though gener- 

 ally with pale bluish or violet reflections on their sides, and only in 

 the very young is the lateral line incomplete. The largest examples 

 examined were 7^ inches long, and I doubt if they seldom exceed 8 



