1 64 The Scottish Naturalist. 



examples have been met with. " Local" means that a species, 

 though not rare as regards individuals, is yet very restricted in 

 its range in any district. 



To indicate the Physical Features of the habitats of the vari- 

 ous species, and at the same time to be economical of the space 

 at our disposal, the following terms are used : — "hortensal," 

 which means that the species frequents gardens or their vicinity; 

 " agrestal," inhabiting cultivated ground ; " pascual," inhabiting 

 meadows, either natural or artificial; ''nemoral," inhabiting 

 woods ; " ericetal," inhabiting heather-covered moors ; " rupes- 

 tral," frequenting rocks or dry banks ; " riparial," frequenting 

 the banks of rivers or lakes ; " maritime," frequenting the sea- 

 coast ; " palustral," inhabiting marshes ; " aquatic," inhabiting 

 the water at some stage of existence; "alpine," not found 

 under a considerable elevation on the mountains. 



The Altitude to which a species ascends on the mountains is 

 indicated in the case of those species which have been ob- 

 served at or above 1000 feet above the sea-level. Most of the 

 altitudes given are from observations taken by Mr. J. W. H. 

 Traill and myself on the mountains of Braemar, but a great deal 

 remains still to be done in this department. 



The ascertained Distribution is shown first on the 

 East, and then on the West side of the country. An o 

 occupies the place of the name of a district in which the 

 species has not been observed, but as in some cases the 

 species probably occurs there, and only requires observation, 

 a § indicates the probable occcurrence. 



The Range of a species from North to South is shown 

 by the degrees of Latitude within which it has been detected. 

 This part of the list will probably (and I hope soon) require 

 amendment, as our knowledge of the species inhabiting the 

 extreme north of Scotland increases. 



For the sake of comparison, the Range of the species in 

 Europe proper is briefly indicated. The Polar Regions are those 

 surrounding the arctic pole ; the Boreal Regions are those above 

 62 or 63 degrees of north latitude. 



The Geographic Type shows the character of the range of 

 species in the countries of the European Fauna. These countries 

 include all in which 60 per cent, of the species are species found 

 in Europe proper, and extend from Greenland and Labrador on 



