The Scottish Naturalist. 175 



northern and southern forms and deserve, I think, to be de- 

 scribed as forming a distinct geographical race. 



The typical exulans Hchh. may be thus briefly described : — 

 Wings subdiaphanous : the front ones dull greenish mixed with 

 ochreous, with five carmine red spots arranged thus 221. The 

 upper basal spot is long, and, running along the costa, overlaps 

 the third spot, which is the smallest ; the fourth and fifth spots 

 are the largest and roundish. The ochreous colour is more 

 strongly marked around the spots and at the edges of the wing, 

 and the fringe is also ochreous. The hind wings are pale car- 

 mine with a narrow dull green margin (narrower in the female), 

 The hind-body is black, and covered with shaggy hair. Inhabits 

 the higher Alps and Pyrenees : specimens from higher altitudes 

 are more ochreous than those from lower. 



The boreal variety Vanadis Dalm. is said to differ from the 

 type by being very sparingly scaled and by not having any 

 ochreous tints. Inhabits the Scandinavian mountains and Lap- 

 land. 



The Scottish race, for which I propose the name subochracea, 

 may be thus defined : — 



Var. subochracea. Wings subdiaphanous : front ones dull green 

 with five carmine spots of the same form and arrangement as 

 in the type. Hind wings dull carmine with all the margins 

 pale dull green. Male — tips of the fringes in all the wings 

 greyish ochreous. Female — the collar (except in the centre), 

 the legs, and the margins of the red spots more or less ochreous; 

 fringes as in the male, but more ochreous. This variety differs 

 from the type by the absence of the ochreous tints (except in 

 the female, which is slightly marked with ochreous), and by the 

 broader green margin to the hind wings, of the same breadth in 

 each sex ; and from the var. Fanadis, by the presence of the 

 ochreous tints in the female, and by the more abundant scales 

 on the wings. Inhabits Scotland (Braemar). 



The larva of Z. exulans is said to be polyphagous, preferring 

 heather and blaeberry. Some young larvae that I had fed 

 readily upon knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare) and white clover 

 (Trifoliwn repens). They died however at the beginning of 

 winter. 



The exact locality in Braemar I at present (for obvious 

 reasons) withhold. 



