194 The Scottish Naturalist. 



The galls are monothalamous, and the opening is made 

 above or below indifferently. One stunted bush at Ban- 

 chory was perfectly covered with them. I have met with 

 them nowhere else. 



Alnus glutinosa L. — {a) On the leaves, exclusively on the 

 upper surface. Gall irregularly cone-shaped, attached by 

 the apex, and about rtr m diameter. The surface naked, 

 but not smooth. Colour light reddish-yellow. Monotha- 

 lamous, the cavity being proportionally large. Sometimes 

 there are large numbers scattered irregularly over a leaf. 

 (p) The galls (?) occur on the leaves where the side-veins 

 branch off, and are chiefly conspicuous above as green or 

 reddish knobs about -^-hich in diameter, and usually in 

 pairs along the midrib. The surface naked and wrinkled. 

 Below they are open and with short hairs along the midrib 

 and veins for some distance from the opening. I never 

 could find an occupant. 



Abies communis L. — The galls occur very abundantly on the 

 young branches, forming swellings at the base, rarely at their 

 tip. They consist of a mass of fleshy scales (seemingly mo- 

 dified leaves) closely overlapping, as the scales do in a cone, 

 and leaving between them small cavities containing large 

 numbers of purplish homoptera. After a time the gall be- 

 comes dry and hard, and the scales gape open. The size 

 varies from about ^-inch to i inch in length, and -J-inch to 

 ^3 -inch in diameter. 



Juniperus communis L. — The galls are on the young branches, 

 and are terminal ; they consist externally of 3 scale-like 

 leaves (perhaps a diseased development of the fruit) which 

 close together along the sides, leaving an opening at the 

 apex ; inside are three similar, but smaller leaves which en- 

 close the cavity for the larva. The gall is green, smooth, 

 and triangular, each side being about a ^-inch broad. It 

 retains its size and form when dry. The larva is that of 

 Horfnomyia juniperina L. It is very common in Braemar, 

 scarce at Banchory. 



Triticum repens L. — The gall is on the stem, and is due to a 

 diseased slate of the chief stalk, causing it to swell out 

 laterally, and remain stunted; it emits several leaves and 



