The Scottish Naturalist. 195 



consists of very short leaves or scales overlapping, so as to 

 enclose a long narrow cavity. The gall varies from about 

 J^-inch to 1 y 2 -inch in length, but I have never found it ex- 

 ceed j^-inch in breadth. It is often a foot or 18 inches from 

 the ground. The larva is hymenopterous. Not uncommon. 



Triticum junceum Auct. — The gall is similar in structure to 

 that on T. rcpens, but differs from it in the following res- 

 pects, viz. — it is broader for its length, it is less apt to emit 

 leaves, and is seldom more than an inch or two above the 

 ground. The occupant is a white hymenopterous larva. 

 The gall is very abundant on sand hills near Aberdeen. 



Equisetum sp. — I once found attached to a creeping root of 

 Equisetum flask-shaped excrescences of a black colour, 

 and about the size of a pea. They were, however, empty, 

 and I have not since met with more. 



The following notes are supplementary to the first part of 

 this paper, being descriptions of some galls since found by 

 me, and also the names of the gall-makers, as far as I have 

 been able to ascertain them with any certainty. 



Brassica oleracea L., forma acephala. Kail. — The galls are 

 on the stem at the ground, and consist of irregular swellings 

 grouped together, each separately being about j^-inch in 

 diameter. Each is monothalamous, and the cavity is irregu- 

 lar in form. The walls are of moderate thickness, soft and 

 tough, and externally wrinkled, and coloured like the root. 

 Found by Mr. Sim, in February. 



Cytisus scoparius Link. — The gall consists of a diseased state 

 of the pod, which remains green, fleshy, and stunted ; part of 

 it bulges out, forming a pretty large oval cavity, while the 

 rest of the pod is flat. Externally the swelling is oval, about 

 ^-inch by £-inch, and the walls are rather thin. No trace 

 of seeds remain. All the galls found by me (in Septem- 

 ber) were empty. Not uncommon at Banchory. 



Trifolium repens L. — The gall consists of a leaflet, which 

 is folded so that the upper surface forms the interior of the 

 gall. The part of the leaflet next the gall becomes swelled 

 and hardened, and slightly yellowish in colour. Each con- 

 tains one reddish or white dipterous larva. Usually only 



