THE GRAPE PHYLLOXERA, 5 



Soon after the lirst vine-leaves that put out in the spring have 

 fully expanded, a few scattering galls may be found, mostly on the 

 lower leaves, nearest the ground. These vernal galls are usually large 

 (of the size of an ordinary pea), and the nor;iial green is often blushed 

 with rose where exposed to the light of the sun. On opening one of 

 them (Fig. 3, d) we shall find the mother-louse diligently at work sur- 



FiG. 1. 



Leaf covered with Galls, 



rounding herself with pale-yellow eggs of an elongate oval form, 

 scarcely .01 inch long, and not quite half as thick (Fig. 3, c). She 

 is about .04 inch long, generally spherical in shape, of a dull orange- 

 color, and looks not unlike an immature seed of the common purslane. 

 At times, by the elongation of the abdomen, the shape assumes, more 

 or less perfectly, the pyriform. Her members are all dusky, and so 



Fio. 2. 



a and 5, elongated galls; c and d, upper and under side of abortive galls. 



short compared to her swollen body, that she appears very clumsy, 

 and undoubtedly would be outside of her gall, which she never has 

 occasion to quit, and which serves her alike as dwelling-house and 

 coffin. The eggs begin to hatch, when six or eight days old, into ac- 

 tive little oval, hexapod beings, which differ from their mother in their 

 brighter yellow color and more perfect legs and antennae, the tarsi 

 being furnished with long, pliant hairs, terminating in a more or less 

 distinct globule. These hairs were called digituli by Dr. Shimer, and 



