i84 THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



Massachusetts are aroused as to this matter also, but you will perhaps 

 say that New York is but little interested here. Look again at the cen- 

 sus, and you will see how wretchedly you are mistaken. The value 

 of the mining products in New York in 1870 was more than half that 

 of the entire gold product of California. Here, too, we must follow 

 up the good work begun by our Chandlers and Raymonds. 



Look next at Chemistry applied to ]VLa.nufactuees. More and 

 more the chemical laboratory is becoming a great central point in 

 industrial education. Run over but two or three points out of 

 many. A chemical discovery in coloring-matter has given us a sub- 

 stitute for madder, and restored the great area given to cultivation 

 of that material to the increase of material for human sustenance. 

 An apparently trivial application of another chemical principle has 

 enabled Onondaga to purify its product so that it now competes with 

 the world in the purity of its salt for the dairy. Another application 

 has enabled another part of the State to make quantities of steel for- 

 merly undreamed of. And all this is but the beginning of the applica- 

 tions of chemistry to increase the well-being of the State and nation. 



We must also make provision for instruction in Akchitecture. 

 Wealth and public spirit — individual and municipal — are now erect- 

 ing myriads of costly buildings in all parts of our country. The num- 

 ber of uneducated architects is very great — the number of thoroughly 

 prepared architects is very small. Have you ever considered the 

 waste attendant upon this ? Every month you hear of some architect- 

 ural failure that costs life and treasure. To-day it is a church-floor 

 which gives way, and a multitude of children are taken from the ruins 

 mangled and dead ; to-morrow it is a whole city quarter swept away 

 by fire, because some half-taught architects knew no other way of 

 producing architectural effect than by piling up combustible orna- 

 ments on inaccessible roofs. 



Nor is that all. Our people are laying out millions on millions in 

 buildings which within thirty years — in the advance of taste and 

 knowledge — will be eye-sores and must come down. A building erect- 

 ed by a true architect will grow more beautiful for hundreds of years. 

 A building erected by a sham architect will be an incubus in a quar- 

 ter of a century. People are beginning to see this, and we are en- 

 deavoring to prepare men thoroughly to know the best materials, to 

 calculate their strength in construction, and to combine material and 

 construction according to everlasting laws, and not according to some 

 pretty present fashion ; and this is the purpose of our School of Ar- 

 chitecture. 



Look now at instruction in Drawing. The casual visitor to an 

 institution like that established in this State will often say something 

 like this : " I can understand the value of your libraries, collections 

 in natural history, apparatus, models, shops, and lecture-rooms ; but 

 what is the use of your great dr aught in g-rooms ? " 



