SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION. 185 



If I answer that drawing is taught in one for civil engineers ; in 

 another for mechanical engineers ; in another for architects ; in an- 

 other free-hand drawing for all these together, he will say : " Why 

 teach free-hand drawing at all ? That is rather artistic than indus- 

 trial." 



Is it ? Look at a few recents facts. A few^ years since the State 

 of Massachusetts passed a law requiring free-hand drawing to be pro- 

 vided for in the public-school system throughout the State. The city 

 of Boston did the same. State and city combined to call, from the 

 great English school for industrial art at South Kensington, Mr. Wal- 

 ter Smith, at a salary of $5,000, to direct the schools of that city and 

 State. 



Mr. Smith has worked on, and the result is that already this in- 

 struction has been admirably developed. Kow, why has this been 

 done ? Has the State of Massachusetts, which we have always known 

 as so thoughful in its legislation and education, really fallen into mere 

 dilettanteism ? Not at all. Look at a few more figures from the census. 



In 1870 the product of Massachusetts in printed cottons was over 

 $17,000,000, and her product of other goods into which the arts of 

 design enter as a matter of first importance was doubtless even more. 

 Massachusetts is thoughtful as ever. She sees that other States are 

 overtaking her in manufactures so far as quantity and quality of ma- 

 terial are concerned, but she determines to distance them by spread- 

 ing throughout her borders knowledge of the principles of beauty in 

 design and skill in them. And she never did a wdser thing. It w^ill 

 tell on a multitude of industries. Why do we import such vast quan- 

 tities of English, German, and Danish glassware and pottery ? — be- 

 cause they are better in material than ours ? No ; but because they 

 have a beauty in design which leads the most illiterate to choose 

 them. Why do we import such quantities of silks and carpets and 

 chintzes and wall-papers from France ? The Cheneys make silks as 

 good in quality on this side of the ocean as the Compagnie Lyonnaise 

 make on the other ; the Bigelows make carpets just as good in ma- 

 terial here as the D'Aubusson factory makes there ; and yet, when our 

 wives and daughters see these foreign fabrics, they immediately prefer 

 them. W^hy ? Simply because there generally are in the foreign prod- 

 uct a skill, a beauty, a taste in design, that appeal to that sense of 

 beauty which God has implanted in the rudest of our race. 



Other nations in this warfare of industry see this. England is de- 

 voting millions to art education, in order to keep up her manufactures, 

 and it has established in the Privy Council a science and art section to 

 direct this expenditure wisely ; Germany is doing even more ; France 

 has been doing it for generations, and it has given her the supremacy 

 thus far in a multitude of branches of manufacture. 



If you wish to see how these nations have done and are doing this, 

 look at Mr. Stetson's admirable little book on " Technical Education." 



