126 The Scottish Naturalist. 



Al. Br., may also belong to the Arctic flora, having been found 

 parasitic on Sphcerella nivalis on the Bernese glacier in Switzer- 

 land. Of Diatoms four species have been noticed in Scandi- 

 navia and the Arctic regions. This is in marked contrast to the 

 Mont Blanc glaciers, where Brun detected no fewer than 95 

 species. Desmidiece are better represented in the north. For 

 instance, Penium and Cosmarium are each represented by two 

 species, and Ancylonema, Cylindrocystis, Pegatophila, Eocidium, 

 Tetmemorus, Staurastrum, Euastrum, Bambusina, are each repre- 

 sented by one species. Professor Nordstedt has kindly placed a 

 small quantity of "kryokonit " in my hands, collected by himself 

 on the Justedal glacier in Nordfjord. Norway, containing Ancylo- 

 ne??ia ; and from this I have been able to add one more species 

 to the ice flora — viz., Euastrum sublobatum, Ralf., making two 

 species of this genus. Particulars of the other genera of algae will 

 be found on the accompanying list. Of mosses no fully developed 

 example has been met with, but their protoncmata are not un- 

 common. 



A few minute members of the animal world have also been 

 obtained. In 1872-73, Dr. Kjellman, when with the Swedish 

 Polar Expedition, found a Podura at Fairhaven, in Spitzbergen, 

 agreeing with the Podura nivalis of Lin. — snceloppan the Swedes 

 call them. On the Swiss high snow-fields is another Podurid, 

 glacier-loppan, Desoria saltans of Nicolet (Jsotoma saltans, Lub- 

 bock). Carl Vogt found among red snow on the glaciers of the 

 Aar, a Tardigrade of the genus Macrobiotus. On red snow on the 

 Bernese Alps a Rotatorian, a var. of Ehrenberg's Philodina roseola 

 was found. From red snow gathered on the Alkhorn, in Spitz- 

 bergen, one species of the family Anguillulidce was found. It was 

 submitted to the eminent zoologist, Dr. Carl Aurivillius, who 

 named it Aphelenchus nivalis. These four species may be looked 

 upon as comprising all we know at present of the Snow and Ice 

 Fauna. 



FLORA OP SNOW-FIELDS. 



Norway, Oil Dovre Mts.— Chroococcus turgidus (Kg.) Naeg., Glaeo- 

 capsa squamulosa Breb., G. magma (Breb) Kg. Scytonema gracile 

 Kg. f. minor; Stignonema crustaceum (Ag. ) Kirchn., var % nivale 

 Wittr., Sphaerella nivalis (Bauer) Somerf., abundant. 



Sweden, at Vallidalen, in Lulea, Lappmark.— Chroococcus 



turgidus, Stigonema crustaceum, z'ar. nivale, Penium gelidum Wittr., 



