LÖNNBERG, ON THE GEOGR. RACES OF RED DEER IN SCANDIN. 9 



Avhich I have seen, there is a joramen nutritium on the lower 

 jaw below and nsuall}^ a little in front of the foremost pre- 

 molar. In the swedish deer again this foramen is present 

 oiily in one specimen out of six on both sides and in another 

 on one side but not on the other. 



The structural differences which distinguish the swedish 

 and the norwegian red deer gain the more importance be- 

 eause they are found to be in some instances parallel with 

 those which distinguish the true red deer from the Wapiti. 

 The latter has comparatively shorter and much broader na- 

 sals, smaller antorbital vacuities, and larger supraorbital 

 foramina than the true red deer. But it has been shown 

 above that it is just the same characteristics which separate 

 the norwegian red deer from the swedish, thus in the same 

 degree as the former is separated from the latter it appro- 

 aches the Wapiti-type. It is, however, no Wapiti but a red 

 deer with a typical cup at the end of the antiers, which 

 al so otherwise exhibit the same characteristics as those of 

 other european red deer. 



From these descriptive notes it may be apparent that 

 there is a constant difference in size, colour, structure etc. 

 between the swedish and norwegian red deer and this dif- 

 ference is so deep, that it seems most correct to distinguish 

 the latter as a geographic subspecies with a third name and 

 I therefore propose to call it Cervus elaphus atlanticus as its 

 present habitat is chiefly confined to the atlantic coast of 

 Xorway. The swedish red deer is the type of Linn^us' 

 Cervus elaphus as Linn^us in the tenth edition of »Systema 

 Xaturse» in the first rank quotes Fauna Suecica, where the 

 swedish red deer is described. 



It was from the beginning my intention to make a full 

 comparison between the red deer of Scandinavia and those 

 of Great Britain and Middle Europé but the difficuJty to 

 obtain sufficient and reliable mateiial has refrained me from 

 doing this. I have used the word »reliable», because it is 

 not certain that if one obtains a deer- skull from a locality 

 that this deer has belonged to an endemic race. This is due 

 to the, from a scientific point of view, deplorable habit of the 

 sportsmen to import deer from other localities and countries 

 for the purpose of »Bluterfrischung» as soon as the antiers 

 of their deer do not seem to be satisfactory. And this »Blut- 



