BY W. N. BENSON. 513 



probable that evidence will be found there connecting the lampro- 

 phyres with the granites. In this connection, it is interesting to 

 note that Mr. E. C. Andrews(i7) has found a series of camptonites 

 and other lamprophyres at Hillgrove, which lies on the eastern 

 boundary of the intrusions of the sphene-granite period. He has 

 shown these dyke-rocks to be, there, the latest phase of the igneous 

 activity. 



We now return to the consideration of the record of sedimentary 

 rocks. The great earth-folding, which culminated in the intrusion 

 of the peridotite, was a mountain-making period, but, nevertheless, 

 in the closely following Permo-Carboniferous times, before the 

 long series of granite-intrusions was at an end, sedimentation was 

 again in progress. But of this we have very fragmentary evidence 

 in the area under notice. Near Bowling Alley Point, a small block 

 of a few acres only, in extent, has been faulted in among the 

 Devonians, and thus preserved from denudation. The occurrence, 

 in it, of Glossopteris leaves(6a) and Permo-Carboniferous marine 

 shells, suggests that here is a portion of the Upper Marine series 

 with some of the Upper Coal-Measures. Again, in the Nandewar 

 Mountains, Dr. JensenO) has shown the presence of Glossop- 

 teris in coal-bearing Upper Coal-Measures, resting unconformably 

 on Carboniferous conglomerates, while Stutchbury, in 1853, noted 

 a coal-seam, and the leaf -bearing sandstone of Derra Gap, west of 

 the Horton River(7). Thirty miles north-east of Warialda, is Ash- 

 ford, where definite Lower Marine Beds and Lower Coal-Measures 

 have been found(18) on, thence, the Permo-Carboniferous beds, in 

 a highly disturbed condition, stretch east and north to Emmaville, 

 Drake, Texas, and Warwick(19). These contain forms of both 

 the Lower and Upper Marine, and, near Texas, boulders, claimed 

 as belonging to the glacial series. 



Following the Permo-Carboniferous period was an era of great 

 crumpling, increasing in intensity in the northern areas. The New- 

 castle district is slightly folded and faulted; the Nun die district 

 must have been highly faulted ; but the area around Ashf ord, and 

 to the north and east, has been highly folded indeed, so that the^ 

 rocks have largely become slates. It is for this reason, that Jfif$ 



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