HUXLEY ON THE RELATIONS OF MAN TO TnE LOWER ANI5TALS. 73 



lobus anterior paullulum acuminatus ; b, lobus medius ; c, lobus posterior, 

 " cerebellum obtegens." Fig. 2, represents the brain of " Simia rhesus-" 

 and the explanation of the figures says: " a, lobus anterior; b, lobus 

 medius ; c, lobus posterior." Fig. 3, a figure of the brain of Simia sabcea, 

 and fig. 4, of " Simia capucina" have the same lettering, and the letters 

 have the same signification. 



And, to permit of no mistake, Tiedemann, at page 48 of the same 

 work, tells us expressly : — 



" Cerebrum simiarum quoad magnitudinem et divisionem in lobos ad humanum 

 proxime accedit:"dividiturenim perfissurara mediara longituoinalemin duoaequalia hemis- 

 phoeria quorum utrumque rursus in tres lobos partitvr. Lobi posteriores uti in hoviine 

 faciem superiorem cerebelli obtegunt. In ceteris a nobis dissectis quodrupedibus ence- 

 pbali hemisphaeria sunt magis plana et brevia. Lobi posteriores quamvis breviores quam 

 in Simiis tantommodo in Phoca occurrunt, in reliquis Feris in Leone, Fele, Nasua, 

 Lotore, et ipso Lemure ac Bradypode cerebellum fere nudum vel ab hemisphseriis haud ob- 

 tectum conspicitnr." 



In 1825, Tiedemann, describing the brain of the orang (Hirn des 

 Orangs mit dem des Menschen verglichen), particularly states that each 

 hemisphere is, as in man, divided into three lobes — an anterior, a middle, 

 and a posterior ; and that the ovate cerebral hemispheres cover the cere- 

 bellum almost entirely, though they do not, as in man, project beyond 

 its posterior margin. 



In the third volume of the second edition of the " Lecons," Cuvier 

 expressly affirms, in speaking of the apes : — 



" Their hemispheres are also prolonged back wards, "as in man, to form the posterior 

 lobes, which repose on the cerebellum. 



"The cerebellum is almost wholly covered by the hemispheres in the seal and otter. 

 " In the dolphin, a large proportion of the cerebellum is covered." — pp. 84-8G. 



And, in the " Eegne Animal," he gives as part of the definition of the 

 order Quadrumana : " Le cerveau a trois lobes de chaque cote, dont le 

 posterieur recouvre le cervelet." 



In his elaborate essay " On the brain of the negro, compared with 

 that of the European and the orang outang," published in the Philo- 

 sopical Transactions for 1838, TiedemannsVzeal for the cause of the 

 oppressed black has occasionally led him into something very like special 

 pleading; and yet he does not dream of hinting the absence of the poste- 

 rior, or third lobe, present in the negro's brain, from that of the orang. 

 His summary, at p. 518, runs thus : — 



" The brain of the monkey and the orang outang differs, as follows, from the human 

 brain : — 



" 1. The brain is absolutely and relatively smaller and lighter, shorter, narrower, 

 and lower than the human brain. 



" 2. The brain is smaller, in comparison to the size of the nerves, than in man. 



" 3. The hemispheres of the brain are, relatively to the spinal marrow, medulla ob- 

 longata, the cerebellum, corpora quadrigemina, the thalami optici, and corpora striata, 

 smaller than in man. 



" 4. The gyri and sulci of the brain are not so numerous as in man." 

 VOL. I N. H. R. L 



