74 ORIGINAL ARTICLES. 



I do not think that any valid objections can be raised as to the ac- 

 curacy of the statements already cited ; but in case such should be brought 

 forward, I will now produce one authority which I am sure Pro- 

 fessor Owen will regard as irrefragable. This is the third volume of the 

 Catalogue of the Hunterian Collection, where, at p. 34, 1 find the follow- 

 ing passages : — 



" 1338. The brain of a baboon (Papio mormon, Cuv.) The cerebral hemispheres are of 

 greater proportionate size than in any of the preceding specimens, and they are developed 

 so far backwards as to cover the cerebellum. The posterior lobes exhibit anfractuosities 

 characteristic of the brain in the higher simiae, as the baboons and orangs. 



"1338a. The brain of a chimpanzee (Simia troglodytes, Linn.) This brain, in the 

 relative proportions of the different parts, and the disposition of the convolutions, espe- 

 cially those of the posterior lobes, approaches nearest to the human brain. It differs 

 chiefly in the flatness of the hemispheres, in the comparative shortness of the posterior, 

 and the narrowness of the anterior lobes." 



In the year 1842, Dr. Macartney read a paper "On the Minute 

 Structure of the Brain of the Chimpanzee, and of the Human Idiot, 

 compared with the perfect Brain of Man," before the Royal Irish Aca- 

 demy ; and the essay, accompanied by two plates, is published in the 1 9th 

 volume of the Transactions of that Academy. At p. 323, Dr. Macartney 

 says — " The proportions of the cerebellum to the cerebrum were exactly 

 as in man." "The parts in the lateral ventricles corresponded very nearly 

 with the same in man." The figure of the upper surface of a plaster 

 cast of the brain of this Chimpanzee, in Plate I., distinctly exhibits the 

 posterior cerebral lobes projecting beyond the cerebellum. 



The " Yerhandelingen over de Natuuiiijke Geschiedenis der Neder- 

 landsche overseesche Bezittingen," pp. 39-44, contains a valuable me- 

 moir,* 4 by Dr. Sandifort, on the anatomy of the orang, in which, at p. 

 30, I find the following distinct statement : — 



" The base of the brain is divided into three lobes (lobi), of which the most anterior 

 is short ; the middle one descends remarkably below the foremost and hindmost ; while 

 the hindermost not only covers the cerebellum, but extends still further backwards than 

 it. In vertical sections of the skulls of full-grown specimens, the bony frame- work showed 

 that such is always the case, so the cerebral lobes appear to extend more backward over 

 the cerebellum as age advances. In the brain investigated by Tiedemann, which belonged 

 to a young orang, the cerebral lobes covered the cerebellum, but did not extend further 

 back than it." 



Yrolik, in the valuable article, " Quadrumana," contributed by him 

 to "Todd's Cyclopaedia" (1847), expressly affirms (p. 207), that, in the 

 orang, the cerebral hemispheres " are protracted behind the cerebellum." 

 And M. Isidore Geoffroy S. Hilaire (" Seeonde Memoire sur les Singes 

 Americanes," Archives du Museum, 1844) draws particular attention to 

 the fact, that in the Saimiri, Chrysothrix (Saimiris, I. G. St. H.) ustus, 

 a platyrhine monkey, and therefore far more distant from man than the 



* " Ontleedkundige Veschouwing van een Volwassen Orang oetan {Simia satyrus, 

 Linn.), van het Mannelijk Geslacht." 



