102 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



This table conspicuously shows the close affinity of the Flora of 

 the Greenland peninsula with that of Scandinavia, notwithstanding its 

 geographical position. Temperate Greenland, though 400 miles long, 

 adds but 74 species to the comparatively poor Flora of the entire 

 peninsula, and of these, all but two are Arctic Lapland plants. 



The poverty and peculiarity of the Greenland Flora, and absence 

 of American types in it, are not explained by the general physical 

 features of contiguous regions, or by aerial or oceanic currents. 



Dr. Hooker attributes chief importance to past extensive cli- 

 matal changes, and to its peninsular form. He assumes — 1 . The great 

 antiquity of the Scandinavian type. 2. He agrees with Darwin and 

 Forbes, in considering that, prior to the Glacial Epoch, a uniform 

 Flora was more widely extended over the circumpolar area than at 

 the present period; as also — 3. That by the increased cold of the 

 Glacial Period the Scandinavian Arctic Flora was driven into lower 

 latitudes, returning northwards with the succeeding warmth of the 

 present period, accompanied by species peculiar to the tracts invaded 

 by it. 4. That many of the species of the Greenland peninsula, cut 

 off by isolation from the general southward migration, were exter- 

 minated. 5. That from the species which survived this period in the 

 southern extremity of Greenland, the present Flora is chiefly derived. 

 6. That from its peninsular form there could be no admixture of 

 American types. 



The botanical provinces, and the local distribution of plants 

 within the Arctic circle — also the general distribution of Arctic 

 species over the surface of the globe — are discussed at length. A 

 systematic catalogue is given of all the species hitherto found in 

 Arctic regions, tabulated, to show the distribution of each, both 

 within the circle, and generally over the world. 



Iruisch, Th. — Ueber einige Ranunculaceen. — Botanische Zeitung, 1860, 

 p. 221-7, with 1 plate. Pt. iii. Eranthis hiemalis. A detailed ac- 

 count of its germination, formation of bulbs, flower, &c. 



Beitrage zur Morphologie der monocotylischen Gewachse. 



Parti. Amaryllideen.— Halle. 1860. 4to. 11 plates. 



Jankee, V. de. — Adnotationes in plantas adacicas nonnullasque alias 

 Europeas. — Linncea. Bd. xiv., pp. 549-622. 



An enumeration of species arranged in their natural sequence, 

 with observations and descriptions of those which are new, critical, 

 or imperfectly described. On Festuca nutans of Wahlenberg, a new 

 genus (Am phi genes) is based. An analytical table of the species of 

 Sesleria is given. 



Junghuhn, F., and J. E. de Yry. — Die Chinakultur auf Java zu Ende 

 des Jahres 1859, kurz beschreiben. — Bonplandia viii. Jahrg, pp. 

 206-10, 227-42, 254-8, 270-9. 



The first section consists of a report, by F. Junghuhn, on the 

 condition of the Cinchon&s which have been planted, in a botanical and 

 cultural point of view. The second, by Dr. de Vry, refers to the 

 organic constituents of the Java Cinchonas, and their chemical cha- 

 racteristics. 



