112 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Spruce, Richard. — On the mode of branching of some Amazon trees. — 

 Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), vol. v., pp. 3-14. 



Mr. Spruce analyses the "habit" presented by certain natural 

 orders, genera, and by some individual species, which engaged his at- 

 tention during his lengthened sojourn in Northern Brazil. From the 

 disposition of the branches in the Myristicaceae, in horizontal whorls 

 of five (or three), the lowest and oldest branches being the largest, 

 a parabolic outline results, which, especially in the case of some 

 nutmeg trees near the mouth of the llio Negro, was very striking. 

 Monimiaceae agree generally in their mode of branching with the 

 allied Myristicaceae. In Anonaceae, with a similar habit, the branches 

 are solitary, and not whorlod. The species in which they spread ho- 

 rizontally resemble the nutmegs, though in some Xylopieae the out- 

 line is more pyramidal. In Lauraceae there is often a tendency to 

 have the branches verticillate ; but as they ascend at various angles, 

 they lack the symmetrica] contour of the foregoing. Species of 

 Eriodendron are characterised by a dome-shaped crown. Many Ti- 

 liaceae, with horizontal, pinnate branches, offer a close resemblance 

 to Anonaceae. Mr. Spruce remarks the infrequenoy of solitary and 

 verticillate branching in the same order ; Diospyros is the only in- 

 stance in which he has found both to coexist in the same genus. In 

 certain cymosely branching Rubiaceae, especially in the "mulatto 

 tree" {Enhjlista spruceana, Bth.), the outline of the tree approaches 

 to obconical or obpyramidal. Some Cinchoneae and the Papaws, the 

 primary stem of which constantly elongates at the apex, emitting 

 only annual lateral branches, present a remarkable, palmiform ap- 

 pearance. Helta Azedaraclt, introduced, and now widely spread in 

 Brazil, assumes a similar aspect — it is either unbranched, or the few 

 branches given off from its lower axils elongate like the primary 

 stem, bearing clusters of leaves and flowers at the apex. On the 

 Amazon this tree flowers all the year round. Mr. Spruce's paper 

 further contains observations on the connexion subsisting between 

 cladotaxis, the nature of the inflorescence, &c, and the physiognomy 

 of species. 



Sttjr, DiojStts. — Beitrage zu einer Monographic des genus Astrantia. — 

 Wien, 1860, 58 p., with 1 map, showing the distribution of species. 

 (Y. Ber). 



Tchihatchepp, P. de. — Asie Mineure ; Description physique, statistique, 

 et archeologique de cette contree. 3epartie, Botanique. Paris. 1860. 

 2 vols. 8vo. Atlas, 4to. 



Tenore, M.— Indicis Seminum Hort. Reg. Bot. Neapolitani adnota- 

 tiones. — Ann. Sc. Nat. (Bot.). Ser. iv., torn, xii., p. 78. 



Ttmbal-Lagrave, E., and H. Loret, — L'Herbier de Marchand et Lapey- 

 rouse. — Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, torn. vii„ pp.-17-22, 66-72. 



. Ed. — Des variations que presentences especesdu genre Orchis, 



et principalement /' Orchis Tenor eana, Guss. With woodcuts. — Bull. 

 Soc. Bot. de Erance, torn, vii., pp. 109-17. 



These variations chiefly apply to the lobation and colour of the 



