SCHAAFFHAUSEN ON THE CRANIA OF THE ANCIENT RACES OF MAN. 161 



Celtic skull found at Hallstadt as dolichocephalic and orthognathic, with 

 the incisor and molar teeth entirely worn down, and the frontal bone 

 much inclined backwards.* The crania found in Lower Austria, near 

 Grafenegg, and afterwards at Atzgersdorf, with depressed foreheads, 

 were regarded as those of Avares; but their very abnormal form, resem- 

 bling that of the Peruvian skulls, and which may also be traced in the 

 fragments of cranial bones from the Crimea, described by v. Eathke and 

 K. Meyer, f has been produced by artificial means. J In many in- 

 stances, also, in which human bones, taken as the oldest traces of the 

 existence of our race on the earth, have been found intermixed with 

 those of extinct animals, they have exhibited an undeveloped primi- 

 tive form of the cranium. Among the crania collected by Schlotheim 

 in the gypsum caves near Kostritz, Link found one with a remark- 

 ably flattened forehead. In a bone-cavern in Brazil, Lund discovered 

 human crania mixed with the bones of extinct animals, in which the 

 forehead receded on a level with the face — a formation which is also 

 represented in ancient Mexican pictures. In the rocky caverns of the 

 Peruvian Andes, Castelnau discovered, under the same conditions, hu- 

 man crania of a similar strongly retrocedent, elongated form. A cra- 

 nium found, together with fossil bones of animals, in the cavern of 

 Engis, near Luttich, is described by Schmeiiing as being elongated, 

 with a slightly elevated and narrow frontal bone, and a form of the or- 

 bits more approaching that of the Negro than of the European. In the 

 cavern of Chauvaux, near JNamur, among numerous fragments of hu- 

 man bones, the half of a cranium was found, in which the forehead was 

 so retrocedent, and the alveolar arches so prominent, that the facial an- 

 gle was not more than 70°. Easoumovsky's statements respecting the 

 supposed fossil skulls of the Mount Calvary, near Baden, which have 

 been compared sometimes with that of the Negro, sometimes with the 

 Caribbean skull, have been corrected by Eitzinger, who agrees with 

 Hyrtl in regarding the crania, according to Eetzias' description of the 

 Czechen-skull, as Sclavonic. § 



In a report of the meeting of German naturalists and physicians, 

 held at Tubingen, in 1853, published in the German and foreign perio- 

 dicals, Eraas is reported to have exhibited a petrified human skull from 

 the Swabian Alps, of an elongated form, with prominent jaw, worn teeth, 

 retrocedent forehead, large frontal sinuses, and strongly developed 



* Jahrb. d. K. K. Geologischen Reichanstalt. , Wien, 1850. I., p. 852. 



f Mull. Arch., 1850, p. 513., taf. xiv. and xv. [Fid. also, on the subject of these 

 macrocephalic skulls, a recent, learned memoir by K. E. v. Baer : " Die Makrokephalen 

 im Boden der Krym und Osterreichs," &c. (In Mem. de l'Acad. de St. Petersbourg, 

 tomeii. No. 6. I860.)] 



% Fitzinger, Sitzungsb. d. K. Ak. d. Wissensch. Math. Naturer, Kl. vii., B. 1851., 

 p. 271. 



§ Denkschr. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, 1853. V. 

 VOL. 1. — N. H. E. Y 



