SCHAAFFHAT7SEN OK THE CRANIA OF THE ANCIENT RACES OF MAN. 165 



recently found near Engers on the Rhine, in an ancient burial-place long 

 well known. In the Museum at Poppelsdorf is a cranium, on which, in 

 the handwriting of Goldfuss, are the words " from volcanic Tufa," 

 nothing further, however, being noticed with respect to its derivation. 

 It is of the considerable length of 198 mm . (7.8") from the glabella to the 

 projecting occiput ; the forehead is short, and somewhat retreating, the 

 supraorbital ridges large and continuous, the orbits very wide, the up- 

 per jaw prognathous, the muscular attachments on the facial-bones 

 strongly marked ; of the sutures, only the sagittal is ossified ; the bones 

 are thin, partially calcined, and adhere strongly to the tongue ; the 

 lower jaw is wanting. It is also to be noticed that several Germanic 

 skulls found near Sigmaringen, belonging to the Prince's collection, and 

 which have been placed in my hands by Dr. Euhlrott have strongly de- 

 veloped supraorbital ridges; but, together with this,, they possess a 

 greater or less frontal development, and a good facial angle. The Sins- 

 heim skulls contained in the Stuttgart collection, also, present a noble 

 Caucasian form. It is certain that even in ancient times the various 

 Germanic stocks, according as they retained their purity of race, or be- 

 came blended with the remains of a primitive population, or even with 

 Roman blood, and in proportion as they led a savage or more civilized 

 mode of life, differed in corporeal constitution, as well as in the forma- 

 tion of the face and head. 



The difference as regards the cranium is most marked in the greater 

 or less development of the anterior part of the head, and in the position 

 of the muzzle, which is occasionally rather prominent, as is the case 

 even at the present time in some of the German races, as, for instance, 

 in Hesse and the Westerwald. Huschke* describes a skull found, 

 together with several others of the same peculiar form, under the Stadt- 

 kirche at Jena, as Cimbric ; it resembles that of the Negro, except that 

 the jaws and forehead are vertical ; the supraorbital region projects but 

 slightly, the semicircular temporal line ascends to within an inch of 

 the sagittal suture. The length of the cranium is 196 mm, (7*7"). 

 lletziusf describes some skulls taken from very ancient Scandinavian 

 graves, dating to a period of a thousand years back, as of a long-oval 

 form, with much elongated occiput, good forehead, upright teeth, and 

 corresponding in almost all respects with Swedish crania of the present 

 day. An ancient Norwegian and an Icelandic skull had the same form. 

 Subsequently,* Retzius described the small rounded skulls from very 

 ancient burial-places containing stone implements as those of Iberians. 

 With these he places the skulls found by Eschricht and Nilsson in an- 

 cient sepulchral barrows ; and also the supposed fossil Irish cranium 

 figured by Wilde, which occurred in the neighbourhood of Dublin, as 



* E. Huschke, Schadel, Him und Seele des Menschen und der Thiere. Jena, 1854. 

 t Muller's Archiv., 18-15, p. 81. 

 % lb., 1847, p. 499. 



