ROLLESTON ON THE BRAIN OF THE OR1NG TTTANG. 207 



spheres there figured, enables us to apply the second canon to the several 

 marks of degradation spoken of, as diminution of upward and of lateral 

 growth in the frontal and the occipital lobes. The even regular curve,* 

 indeed, of the skull, and its narrowing tapering frontal and occipital 

 regions, as seen in the lower races, would have led us to anticipate 

 some such cerebral conformation as the unhappily all but unique speci- 

 men of such a brain as the one just referred to actually discloses to us. 



The foramina for the nerves in the skulls of the lower races of 

 mankind have been said by certain ethnologists to present larger dia- 

 meters than the similar foramina in the basis of the skull of higher 

 races ; and if this be really the case, our first canon will come to apply 

 to our ninth point of difference, the larger relative size, namely, of the 

 nerves in the simious brain. 



The three points of diminution in downward development of the 

 posterior lobes, and in both downward and in antero-posterior develop- 

 ment of the frontal, remain unaffected by the application of either canon. 

 Of their value our figures will enable the reader to judge for himself. 



After comparing our single brain of the chimpanzee with the two 

 of the orang we possess in our Museum, we cannot see that the African 

 ape contrasts in any one of these nine points to disadvantage with the 

 Asiatic. 



Under our second head — that, namely, of the differences which 

 weighing and measuring enable us to enucleate as existing between the 

 several subjects of our comparison — we have eight points of difference 

 to enumerate. When it is not otherwise specified, the measurements of 

 the human brain were taken from a brain of a German of average in- 

 telligence, the brain having recently been brought to the museum and 

 presenting nothing peculiar, in the way either of under or of over de- 

 velopment, to render it unfit to serve as a standard of comparison to the 

 brain of the orang. Both sets of measurements were taken at the same 

 time. 



The entire weight of the orang's body being 161b. 12 oz., the 

 weight of the brain was 12 oz. The relation of the weight of the brain 

 to that of the body was, therefore, as 1 : 22.3. 



I find recorded by Huschkef a set of observations analogous to these. 

 They were made upon a child of six years of age. The child was a 

 girl, dying emaciated of pleuro-bronchitis — 



Weight of body, .... 13,377 grammes or c a 291b. 

 Weight of brain, . . . 1 21 5 grammes or c a 21b. 10 oz. 



The brain : the body =1:11. 



* Hunterian Osteological Catalogue, 5346, 5755. See, also, Symbolik der Men- 

 schlichen Gestalt., von. C. G. Carus, p. 170, fig. 34. 

 t Schaedal Him und Seele. 1854, p. 112. 



