ROLLESTON ON T1IE BBAIN OF THE OEANG UTANG. 215 



The hippocampus major presents several well-marked corrugations 

 on its expanded lower extremity, " qua3 huic parti tanquam figuram di- 

 gitornm pedis tribuunt;"* 4 but as they are on its posterior, not on its an- 

 terior edge, we are not compelled to contradict Tiedemann's twenty-first 

 corollary, which relates to the hippocampus major, in the same way as 

 our figures compel us to differ from his twenty-second, quoted above, 

 with reference to the hippocampus minor. 



It is for the sake of illustrating yet further the important principle, 

 that variability of arrangement is to be expected, rather than wondered 

 at, in organisms as high as those of these apes, that I add the follow- 

 ing observations as to the convolutions on the internal aspect of the he- 

 mispheres. There is scarcely any indication of a lobulus quadratus, the 

 structure representing it resembles but little the figure of it as given by 

 M. Gratiole in his third plate ; whilst, as if in compensation, the supe- 

 rior marginal convolution, spoken of by him as "tree simple et a peu 

 pres lisse" dans 1' Orang (page 49 in hisMemoire), presents, in our spe- 

 cimen, abundant and rich convolutions. 



The internal anatomy of the simious brain does not furnish us, then, 

 with those sharply differentiating characteristics which have been sup- 

 posed to put it into a position of such marked inferiority to that of man. 



As to the external anatomy, whilst too little importance has perhaps 

 been assigned to the points of difference which the very widely-differing 

 heights of the hemispheres, the very widely-differing antero-posterior 

 diameters of the corpora callosa, and of the frontal lobes, and the very 

 widely-differing absolute weights of the two brains, constitute, too much 

 seems to have been given to the " absence of an external perpendicular 

 fissure," to the " presence of a lobule of the marginal convolution," and 

 to the lesser relative size of the nerves in the human brain. Upon most 

 other points, I find myself in agreement with most other writers, 

 both as to facts and to inferences ; the cumulative weight of the many 

 minor points of agreement and difference, the reader will be best able to 

 appreciate, by massing each order of facts together for himself. 



The principles of the idealist teach him that the difference which 

 exists between the soul of man and the life of the beast which perishes, 

 is not one which can be weighed or measured, be drawn or figured, be 

 calculated in inches or ounces. He fearlessly acknowledges that the 

 anatomical truth in this matter lies on the boundary line of the conter- 

 minous positions taken up by Buffon and Professor Huxley, respectively; 

 for he feels that yet higher truth is expressed in the golden words but 

 recently rescued from long oblivion — 



" On earth there is nothing great but man ; 

 In man there is nothing great but mind." 



* Icones, p. 51. 



