226 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



indefinite, if not infinite nuinber. Or, in other words we find, duality, 

 definite multiplicity, and indefinite multiplicity, or indefinity. 



"With respect to man, the author admits twelve races. Of these 

 the four principal are the Caucasian, Mongolian, Ethiopian, and 

 Hottentot. The Caucasian race is distinguished essentially by the 

 predominance of the superior region of the head over the face ; the 

 Mongolian, by the predominance of the middle region; and the 

 Ethiopian, by that of the inferior region, which projects in front. 

 The most remarkable characteristic of the Hottentot resides in the 

 predominance of both the middle and inferior region, that is to say, 

 of the entire face, which is at the same time broad and prognathous. 

 In other words, the Caucasian race is orthognathous, the Mongolian 

 eurygnathous, the Ethiopian prognathous, and the Hottentot both 

 eurygnathous and prognathous. In addition to this very important 

 character, which ranks the Hottentot, in fact, in the series of human 

 races, in a place diametrically opposite to the Caucasian, we find in 

 the Hottentot race a peculiar mode of insertion of the hairs, a special 

 disposition of the toes, which decrease gradually, like the reeds in 

 a Pan's-pipe, from the inner to the outer ; the development of the 

 nymphce, and various osteological,* and encephalic peculiarites, which 

 have already been well studied by different authors. Between these 

 four cardinal groups are placed the other races, which are modified 

 and intermixed in so many ways as to constitute a sort of net- 

 work, uniting more or less intimately all the varieties of the human 



type- 



The races regarded by M. G. St. Hilaire as sufficiently distinct 

 are the following : — 



1. Races with smooth hair: — Caucasian, Alleghanian, Hyper- 

 borean, Malay, American ; Mongolian-, Paraborean, Australian. 



2. Paces with woolly-hair: — Ethiopian, Caffre, Melanian ; 

 Hottentot. 



Graeffe, E. — TJeber Delphinus tursio, Fabr. Zur Vier. v. 

 Gratiolet, Pierre. — Memoire sur la Microcephalic, considered dans 



ses rapports avec la question des caracteres da genre humain. M. 



Soc. Anth. i., p. 61. 

 Recherches sur le Systeme vasculaire sanguin d'Hippopotame. 



— Comp. rend li., p. 524, and Ann. Sc. N. xiii., p. 376. 



Eecherches sur l'encephale de l'Hippopotame. Comp. rend, li., 



p. 595. 

 Gray, J. E. — Early Notice of the Tapaia (corr. Tupaia) found in Pulo 



Condore. Ann. and Mag. W. H. ser. iii. vol. v., p. 71. 

 On some New Species of Mammalia and Tortoises from Cambo- 



ja. Ann. Nat. Hist. 3 ser. vi., p 217. 



* The most remarkable of these is the non-bifurcation of the spinous processes of the 

 cervical vertebrae, first pointed out by M. Duvernay. 



