MARSHALL ON THE BEAU* OF A YOUNG CHIMPANZEE. 301 



must be admitted by any one who contrasts the figure 2, Plate L, 

 of Sch. van der Kolk and Vrolik, not merely with the accompanying 

 photograph, fig. 5, but even with Ticdemann's and Macartney's figures. 

 Hence, the enormous surface of the cerebellum seen in the upper 

 view of the encephalon, in the Dutch anatomists' representation. "We 

 shall examine hereafter the merits, or defects, of their representation 

 of the interior of the lateral ventricle. 



Lastly, M. Gratiolct's figures of the Chimpanzee's brain, which 

 are at once the latest and most trustworthy, were taken from a 

 specimen preserved in the Museum at Paris, the form being re- 

 stored (restitutes) by constant reference to that of the cranial cavity, 

 from which it had been removed. The general shape of the entire 

 brain, the relations of its several parts, the position of the cerebellum, 

 the various convolutions and all their surface markings, are most con- 

 scientiously reproduced, and, so far as the external anatomy of the 

 brain is concerned, leave little room for improvement. The multiplica- 

 tion of accurate data on such a subject is, however, most desirable, and 

 in the face of the very different statements just now made, as to mat- 

 ters of fact, in the anatomy of the Simian brain, new materials for 

 consideration cannot but be welcome to all parties. More particu- 

 larly it has seemed to me that, on the one hand, our figures 2, 4, and 

 5, so clearly demonstrate the defects of Schrocdcr van der Kolk's 

 and Vrolik' s representations, and, on the other, all the figures estab- 

 lish, so satisfactorily, the accuracy of M. Gratiolet's restorations, that 

 their publication will be useful to science. The view of the lateral 

 ventricle is also as complete as could well be obtained. In no case 

 has anything been altered or restored.* 



In proceeding to describe the brain, from which these photographs 

 have been taken, I must observe that I have studied it side by side 

 with an average human brain, belonging to an adult, of whose cranial 

 cavity I also took a plaster cast, to serve as a standard of correction 

 in all questions of form, size and relative position. Wherever, in the 

 course of the following description, any comparison is made between 

 the human and Chimpanzee's encephalon, it must be understood 

 to refer to this particular human brain. 



The general form of the cerebrum of the Chimpanzee, when viewed 

 from above, is not so much pyramidal, as Tiedemann indicates, but 

 rather, as Gratiolet figures it, it is a short, wide, ovoid, having its larger 

 end turned backwards, somewhat pointed behind, and considerably 

 so in front. It contrasts markedly, with the long ovoidal shape of 

 the human cerebrum, viewed on the same aspect. Placed side by 

 side, the difference between them is seen to consist, chiefly, in the 

 greater length and more equal width, in man, of the anterior portion, 



* I am greatly indebted to my friend Mr. Herbert Watkins, for his pains and 

 skill in securing photographs of the natural size of the parts, from which the accom- 

 panying figures are reductions. Complete sets of ten full-sized photographs will be 

 supplied by him, or by the Publishers of this Journal. 



