302 ORIGINAL ARTICLE. 



winch is almost square In front, instead of being pointed, as in the ape. 

 By adding on, as it were, a broad piece in front, the Simian brain 

 would assume, in this aspect, a nearly human shape. But the poste- 

 rior part of the hemispheres must, also, be somewhat lengthened and 

 widened ; and the lateral, or parietal, regions be likewise expanded. 

 In this view, no trace of the cerebellum is visible at the sides, or 

 behind, in either brain. 



In the profile view, figs. 3 and 4, one is struck, in the Chim- 

 panzee's cerebrum, as compared with man's, first, with its semi- globular 

 shape; or rather, with its almost hemispherical outline above, — the 

 vertex being comparatively low, and situated only a little behind the 

 middle point, between its anterior and posterior extremities ; the curve 

 descending only a little more abruptly behind, than in front. In the 

 human cerebrum, the vertex is extraordinarily high and is placed 

 further back ; so that the fall of the outline behind, is necessarily 

 more sudden, and the depth of the posterior region is very charac- 

 teristic. In the ape again, the shortness and shallowness of the 

 anterior portion makes the curve of that part of the cerebrum more 

 abrupt, and more equal to the hinder curve, than it is in man, in 

 whom the elongated and deep, frontal region produces a much more 

 gradual curvature from the vertex forwards, than exists backwards. 

 The remaining points of contrast, in this aspect, are the singular, 

 recurved, beak-like termination of the frontal lobe — its very deeply 

 hollowed interior, or orbital surface — the great downward projection 

 of the point of the so-called middle lobe — and the more marked 

 obliquity and concavity of the lower border of the cerebrum from 

 that lobe, upwards and backwards, in the Chimpanzee ; as compared 

 with the flatter orbital surface — less prominent middle lobe — and 

 more nearly horizontal and straighter, lower border of the cere- 

 bruin behind that part, in man. In M. Gratiolet's side view, the 

 hinder part of the cerebrum is a little more depressed, than it is in our 

 specimen, and therefore a little less like the human shape. On this 

 lateral aspect, the cerebellum of the Chimpanzee appears to bear 

 about the same proportion, measured vertically and from before back- 

 ward, to the cerebrum, as it does in man: though, in reality, these pro- 

 portions of the cerebrum, are a little less in the ape, than in man, in 

 whom the cerebellum looks rounder in profile. In the ape, the cere- 

 bellum is overlapped by the cerebrum, to the extent of ^ths of an 

 inch, and, in the human brain, by -^ths of an inch, in other words, 

 by about ^ th of the total length of the cerebrum in the Chimpanzee, 

 and by only about Jffl of that measurement in man. So that the 

 relative amount of overlapping is greater in the Chimpanzee. Lastly, 

 in the ape, the direction of the medulla oblongata is a little more 

 oblique, than it is in man. In M. Gratiolet's lateral view, the cere- 

 bellum, indicated in outline, is represented as too deep, and the direc- 

 tion given to the medulla oblongata is too nearly horizontal, so that 

 the position of the cerebellum is not quite true : still, it is covered 

 by the cerebrum. In our own photographic view, fig. 4, and in 



