CRYPTO GAM! A. 383 



and the synonymy of cadi species is given. The systematic part 

 of the work is preceded by some general remarks on the soil, on 

 the influence of light, warmth, moisture, &c„ on the difference 

 between North and South Tyrol with regard to the presence of 

 certain species, on the relation of the Tyrolean Moss-Mora to that 

 of other countries, and on the probability of the discovery of 

 further species. 

 Loeextz. — Beitrage zur Biologie u. Geographie der Laubmoose. 

 Eine Abhandlung zur Erlangung der philosophischen Doetor- 

 wiirde ron Paul G-tmther Lorentz. Munchen, 18G0. 4. 



This work contains details of the ranges of altitude of upwards 

 of 300 Mosses observed by the author in Bavaria, the Black 

 Forest, the Austrian Alps, and in Switzerland, with notices of the 

 chemical nature of the soil in many localities. The author also 

 speaks of the changes which different mosses undergo under diffe- 

 rent circumstances. 

 Notabis (J. de) Musei Napoani, siye Muscorum ad flumen Napo in 

 Columbia a clariss. Osculati lectorum recensio. Tur. Mem. xviii. 



Appunti per im nuovo censimento delle Epatiche italiane. 



Tur. Mem. xviii. 

 Rabeshobst. — Hepaticae europaeae. Die Lebermoose Europa's 

 unter Mitwirkg. mehrerer namhafter Botaniker gesammelt u. hrsg. 

 Decas 13 u. 14. gr. 8. (20 Bl. m. aufgeklebten Pflanzen.) Ebd. 

 1860, cart. 

 Eeichabdt. — Ueber das Alten der Laubmoose von Dr. H. W. 

 Eeichardt. Wien. Z. B. V. Band x. p. 589. 



The following is a short account of the contents of this paper. 

 Botanists acknowledge two methods of determining the age of a 

 plant. 1st, the anatomical, founded upon peculiarities of struc- 

 ture, as in the case of annual rings. 2ndly, the morphological, 

 founded upon the nature of the growth of the plant, especially 

 the regular succession of certain axes, as in the case of the scars 

 on the rhizome of Convallaria Polygonatum. The second method 

 alone is applicable to mosses. The age of a moss is always deter- 

 minable when there is a regular succession of axes, each of which 

 has a limited growth lasting for a year ; otherwise there is no 

 certainty. Therefore the age of the stems of acrocarpous mosses 

 is determinable, but not that of pleurocarpous mosses. 



The author gives five methods of arriving at the age of the 

 stem of the acrocarpous moss. 



1. By observing the number of whorls of branches standing one 

 above another, a method applicable to most acrocarpous mosses 

 which grow in thick tufts. 



2. By observing the number of capsules. This method is 

 applicable in cases where the growth of the stem is carried on, 

 year by year, from axillary buds beneath the terminal fruit, and 

 where the new stem-growth pushes aside the fruit of the preced- 

 ing year, and forms an apparent continuation of the principal 



vol. i. — is T . ii. b. 3 n 



