388 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Fries. — Calendrier des champignons sous la latitude moyenne de la 

 Suede, par M. Elias Fries, Professeur de Botanique a l'Universite 

 d'Upsal. Ann. S. N. tome xii. pp. 298-319. 



This memoir is a translation of a communication read by M. 

 Fries to the Academy of Sciences, at Stockholm, on the 13th 

 May, 1857. It contains, in addition to some introductory re- 

 marks, an account of the Fungi which appear at different times 

 of the year, which the author divides into twelve periods : — 1. The 

 glacial period (mensis glacialis, L.), including January and 

 February, or the greater part of it. 2. The period of thaw {men- 

 sis regelationis, L.), from the end of the February to the 15th or 

 21st of April. 3. The period of sowing, or of the flowering of the 

 AmentacesB (mensis germinationis, L,). 4. The period of the open- 

 ing of leaves (mensis frondescenlicE, L.), from the middle of May 

 to the second week in June. 5. The period of the solstice (mensis 

 jlorescentice, L.), corresponding to the three latter weeks of the 

 month of June. 6. Midsummer, comprising the greater part of 

 the month of July. 7. The period of hay-harvest (mensis matu- 

 rationis, L.), including the last week of July and the first two 

 weeks of August. 8. Harvest-time {messis, L.), extending over 

 the latter half of August and the first eight days of September. 



9. The end of summer (L'arriere-ete, Efter sommaren) (mensis 

 disseminationis, L.), from September 8 to the end of the month. 



10. The fall of the leaf (mensis defoliationis, L.), commencing 

 with the first nights of intense frost, usually at the end of Sep- 

 tember or the beginning of October. 11. The period of frost 

 (mensis congelationis, L.), when mild days alternate with frosty 

 nights, corresponding usually with November. 12. The period 

 of snow, or the time when snow lies, being usually December. 



Hoffmann. — Untersuchungen iiber die Keimung der Pilzsporen von 

 Hermann Hoffmann. Jahrbiicher fur wissenschaftliche Botanik 

 Band ii. Heft 3. Berlin, 1880. Hirchswald. 



This paper contains figures of the spores of 48 species of 

 Fungi belonging to different families ; the figures in most cases, 

 though not in all, exhibiting also the mode of germination of the 

 spores. In some instances the germinating thread or the con- 

 tents of the spore were observed to assume a blue colour under 

 iodine, or iodine and sulphuric acid, and the same reaction was 

 observed in the asci of Bulgaria inquinans and Peziza vesiculosa. 

 In speaking of the germination of Hymenogaster Klotzschii Tul. 

 the author expresses an opinion that the hyaline sac spoken of by 

 Tulasne as enclosing two spores, is not really a sac but an inver- 

 sion of a very wide basidium. The second part of the paper con- 

 tains an account of the author's apparatus and mode of observa- 

 tion; some general remarks upon the development, structure 

 and composition of spores, their mode of dispersion and germina- 

 tion. The effect of light, of different degrees of temperature, 

 and of various chemical substances upon germination is also dis- 



