LITEKATUEE OF THE SUE-KINGDOM CCELENTEEATA. 421 



Of the Polypi, three principal arrangements have prevailed, those 

 of Ehrenberg, 33 Milne Edwards, 24 and Johnston; 25 the first being 

 chiefly adopted by German, the second by French, and the third by 

 English naturalists. Ehrenberg, whose classification has precedence 

 in point of time over those of his predecessors, conferred upon this 

 class the name of Anthozoa, 26 which Johnston 27 subsequently adopted. 



ANTHOZOA. 

 Ordo I. Ordo II. 



ZOOCORALLIA. PlIYTOCORALLIA. 



Tribus 1. Z. Poly actinia. Tribus 4. P. Poly actinia. 



„ 2. Z. OCTACTINIA. „ 5. P. DODECACTINIA. 



„ 3. Z. Oligactinia. „ G. P. Octactikea. 



Hydrina, „ 7. P. Oligactinia. 



Tubularina. 

 Sertularina. 



Tlie arrangements of Johnston and Milne Edwards, first pub- 

 lished contemporaneously, 27 * may be thus exhibited : — 



Polypes. Anthozoa. 



Milne Edwards. Johnston. 



I. Seetulaieiens. = I. Hydeolda. 



II. Alcyoniens. = II. Asteeoida. 



III. ZOANTHAIEES. = III. HELIANTHOIDA. 28 



The first of these groups corresponds to the Zoocorallia Oligac- 

 tinia of Ehrenberg ; the second to his Z. Octactinia, Phytocorallia 

 Octactinia, and P. Oligactinia ; while the third includes all remain- 

 ing tribes of his two orders. 



23 Beitrage ztir physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, 

 und besonders des rothen Meeres, &c, Berl. Abh., 1834, p. 225. 



14 Audouin and Milne Edwards, in Lamarck, Hist. Nat. des An. sans Verteb. 

 ed. 2, Tom. II., p. 105, 1836. 



25 Magazine of Zoology and Botany, Vol. I. p. 447. 



26 As distinguished from Bryozoa, the two groups being collectively denomi- 

 nated Corallia. At a later period, the Zoocorallia oligactinia were separated by 

 Ehrenberg from the Anthozoa to form a third class, which he named Dimorphcea. 



27 History of British Zoophytes, 2nd edition, 1847. This work and the Manuel 

 of De Blainville, may be consulted by those who wish to obtain information con- 

 cerning the older and more obscure arrangements of these organisms. 



27 * It should be remembered, however, that at p. 18 of their Resume des Be- 

 cherches sur les Animaux sans vertebrcs, faifes aux lies Chausey, Ann. S. N. 1828, 

 the classification of Polypi afterwards adopted by M.M. Audouin et Milne 

 Edwards is partly sketched out. 



28 These three equivalent divisions are by Johnston termed orders ; by Milne 

 Edwards, families. The name Helianthoida has been taken by Johnston from 

 Latreille. 



