LUBBOCK ON THE EJOEKENlfODBIKl 190 



surrounded a single tent, being in the form of an irregular ping, en- 

 closing a space on which the tenl or tents probably Btood, and 

 which is now occupied by a mill. In other cases, where the deposit 

 is of greater extent, the surface is undulating, the greater thics 

 of the shelly stratum in some places apparent^ indicating the ar- 

 rangement of the dwellings. These two settlements wereby no meani 

 the only ones on the Isefjord; in the neighbourhood oiBoeskilde, 

 Kjokkenmoddinss occur near Qjerdrnp, at Kattinge, and Cattinge 

 Vaerk, near Trallcrup, at Gjershoi, and opposite the island of llylde- 

 holme ; besides several farther north, Others have been found on 

 the islands of Fyen, of Moen, and of Samsoe, and in Jutland along 

 Liimfjord, Mariagerfjord, Randersfjord, Kolindsund, and Horsens- 

 fjord. The southern parts of Denmark have not yet been carefully 

 examined. Generally it is evident that deposits of this nature were 

 scattered here and there over the whole coast, and that they were 

 never formed inland. The whole country would appear to have been 

 more intersected by fjords during the Stone period even than it is 

 now. Under these circumstances it is evident that a nation which 

 subsisted principally on marine shellfish would never form any large 

 inland settlements. In some instances indeed Kjokkenmoddings 

 have been found as much as eight miles from the present coast, but 

 in these cases there is good reason for supposing that the land has 

 encroached on the sea. On the other hand, in those parts where 

 Kjokkenmoddings do not occur, their absence is no doubt occa- 

 sioned by the waves having to a certain extent eaten away the 

 shore, an explanation which accounts for their being so much more 

 frequent on the shores of the inland fjords than on the coast itself, 

 and also deprives us of all hope of finding any similar remains on 

 our eastern and south-eastern shores, though an examination of the 

 western Coast would be very desirable. The fact that the majority 

 of these deposits are found at a height of only a few feet above the 

 sea appears to prove that there has been no considerable subsidence 

 of the land since their formation, while on the other hand it clearly 

 proves that there can have been no elevation. In certain cases, how- 

 ever, where the shore is elevated, they have been found at a consi- 

 derable height. It might indeed be supposed that where, as at Bilidt, 

 the materials of the Kjokkcnmodding were rudely intcrst ratified 

 with sand and gravel, the land must have sunk, but if for any length 

 of time such a deposit was subjected to the action of the waves, all 

 traces of it would be obliterated, and it is therefore probable that an 

 explanation is rather to be found in theYact that the action of wares 

 and storms was greater then than now. At present the tides only 

 affect the Kattegat to the extent of about a foot and a half, and thi 

 configuration of the land protects it very much from the action of 

 the winds. On the other hand, on the V its of Jutland the 



rides rise about nine feet, and the winds have been known to pro- 

 duce differences of level amounting to 2D feet, and as we know that 

 Jutland was anciently an archipelago, and that the Baltic was more. 



VOL. I.— N. H. B. 



