LUBBOCK ON THE KJOKKENMoDDIXGS. 497 



The remains of birds are highly interesting and instructive. The 

 domestic fowl (Gallus domesticas) is "conspicuous by its absence." 

 It is less surprising that the two domestic swallows of Denmark, 

 (Hirundo rustica and H. urbica), the sparrow, and the stork are also 

 missing. On the other hand, fine specimens of the capercailzie 

 (Tetrao urogallus) which feeds principally on the buds of the pine, 

 shows that, as we knew already from the remains found in the peat, 

 the country was at one time covered with pine forests. Aquatic 

 birds, however, are the most frequent, especially several species of 

 ducks and geese. The wild swan {Anas cygnus, L.), which only 

 visits Denmark in winter, is also found ; but perhaps, the most in- 

 teresting of the birds whose remains have been identified is the Great 

 Auk (Alca impennis, L.), a species which is now almost extinct. 



During our short visit to Havelse we found perhaps a hundred 

 fragments of bone belonging principally to the following animals : — 



The stag (Cervus elaplius, L.) 



The roedeer {Cervus capreolus, L.) 



The wild boar (Sits scrofa, L.) 



The wild bull (Bos urus or primigenius) and 



The seal (Phocagryppus, Fabr.) 

 These are the commonest species, but the following also occur: — 



The beaver (Castor Jiber, L.) 



The wolf (Cams lupis, L.) 



The fox (Canis vulpes, L.) 



The dog (Canis familiar is, L.) 



The lynx (Felis lynx, L.) 



The wild cat (Felis cdttis, L.) 



The marten (Mustela martes, L.) 



The otter (Lutra vulgaris, Erxl.) 



The hedgehog (Erinaceus europaus, L,) 



The water rat (Hypudceus amphibius, L.) 

 The Lithuanian auroch (Bison europcBus) has been found, though 

 rarely, in the peat bogs, but not yet in the Kjokkenmoddings. The 

 musk ox (Bubalus nwschatus) and the domestic ox (Bos taurus), 

 as well as the elk, the reindeer, the hare, the sheep, and the domestic 

 hog, are all absent. Remains of the two former will probably be ere 

 long discovered. It may perhaps be inferred that the hares were 

 spared in deference to the same superstition which preserved them 

 from the ancient Britons, and which in Lapland and some other 

 countries survives even to the present day.* 



Professor Steenstrup does not believe that the domestic hog of 

 ancient Europe was directly derived from the wild boar, but rather 

 that it was introduced from the East, and the skulls which he showed 

 us in support of this belief certainly exhibited very great differences 

 between the two races. It is extremely unlikely that an animal so 

 powerful and so intractable as the Urus appears to have been, can 



* It is a curious fact that as Professor Steenstrup informs me, the hones from 

 the Kjokkenmoddings of Jutland indicate as a general rule larger and more powerful 

 animals than those of the Islands. 



