LUBBOCK ON THE KJOKKENMODDINGS. 499 



" speaks volumes of evidence at the first glance. This I believe to be 

 " one great reason why we hear so much of jaw remains, and so little 

 " of other bones." No doubt it is so, but these observations, made 

 by Prof. Steenstrup, aiforcl a farther explanation of the fact, and it 

 is to be regretted that the parts of the long bones which are most 

 important to the palaeontologist are also those which are preferred 

 by beasts of prey. 



In every case, the bones which contain marrow are split open in 

 the manner best adapted for its extraction, and this peculiarity, which 

 has not yet been observed in bones from the true tertiary strata, is 

 in itself satisfactory proof of the presence of man. No such indirect 

 evidence is, however, required ; not only are pieces of burnt wood, 

 and even the stones forming the hearths, of frequent occurrence, but 

 flint implements are far from rare. During our short visit to 

 the Havelse Kjokkenmodding we obtained nine hatchets, of which 

 Mr. Busk and I were so fortunate as to find three each, besides flint 

 flakes and sling stones. These latter (PL VII., fig. 12) are so rude, that 

 except for the circumstances under which they are found, there would 

 at first sight seem to be but slight grounds for regarding them as 

 specimens of human art. A more careful examination shows, how- 

 ever, that the flint has been carefully broken in such a manner as to 

 adapt it for a sling, while the sharp edges would considerably increase 

 its power of wounding. The flint flakes are of the ordinary type. 



None of the large polished axes have yet been found in the Kjok- 

 kenmoddings. A very few carefully formed weapons have been 

 found, but the hatchets are almost invariably rude, though of a 

 well-marked type (PL VII., figs. 8 and 9) : their angles are not ground 

 down as in the more perfect weapons from the tumuli (PL VII., 

 figs. 1, 2, 5), but are left rough, as in the older specimens from 

 Amiens and Abbeville, from which, however, they difler altogether in 

 shape. Small pieces of very coarse pottery have also been discovered. 



Sorne of the bones from the Ivjokkenmoddings bear evident 

 marks of a sharp instrument, and several of the pieces found by us 

 were in this condition, one in particular having been fashioned into 

 a pin. 



The absence of human remains satisfactorily proves that the 

 primitive population of the North were free from the practice of can- 

 nibalism. On the other hand, the tumuli have supplied us with 

 numerous skeletons of this period.* The skulls are very round, and 

 in many respects resemble those of the Laps, but have a more pro- 

 jecting ridge over the eye ; in this respect nearly approaching the 

 skull found by Dr. Schaffhausen, and figured by Mr. Busk in our 

 second number. One curious peculiarity was, that their front teeth 

 did not overlap as ours do, but met one another, as do those of the 

 Grreenlanders at the present day. This evidently indicates a peculiar 

 manner of eating. 



Much as still remains to be made out respecting the men of the 



* Some remarks on this subject by Mr. Busk will appear iu our next number. 



[Eds.] 



