CHURCH ON THE MYOLOGY OF THE ORANG UTANG. 511 



sumed that the structure of the muscles would not unfrequently 

 present corresponding modifications.* 



In the following remarks, I have first described each muscle as it 

 appeared in the Orang, and I have then compared it with the accounts 

 given of the corresponding muscle in the Magot, Cebus, and other 

 Quadrumana, and, lastly, with any similar variations which I have 

 found recorded as occurring in man. 



The works to which most frequent reference is made are — 

 Eecherches d'Anatomie comparee sur le Chimpansee, par W. Vrolik ; 

 M. Duvernoy's Memoir on the Myology of the Grorilla and other 

 Anthropomorphous Apes, Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 

 torn. viii. ; Encyclopedic Anatomique, traduit d' Allemand par A. J. L. 

 Jourdan, torn. iii. ; Mr. J. Hallett's Paper in the Edinburgh Medical 

 and Surgical Journal, 1847 ; Anatomie Comparee, Eecueil de Planches 

 du Myologie, dessinees par G-. Cuvier ; Prof. Owen, Proceedings of 

 the Zoological Society, vol. i. 



I have confined my remarks almost entirely to the muscles of the 

 anterior and posterior extremities, as they are the most subject to 

 variations in the various orders of the Mammalia. 



The Orang was a young specimen, and its muscles were but feebly 

 developed, forming a very strong contrast to those of the Magot, 

 which was an old individual, and very muscular. The age of the 

 Orang may perhaps account for some of the differences between my 

 dissections and those of Prof. Owen and M. Duvernoy. 



The Muscles of the Anterior Extremity. 



The inferior portion of the Trapezius arose from ten dorsal verte- 

 brae, and its fibres did not communicate with those of the Latissimus 

 dorsi, as they do in the Chimpanzee. f 



The Rhomboidei Major and Minor were fused together, as in the 

 Chimpanzee : in the latter animal this muscle does not reach the 

 occipital bone, but the Orang in this respect resembles the Inui and 

 Cynocephali. 



The Levator Scapulce, called Traclielo-scapularis by Duvernoy,J 

 is inserted into the four anterior cervical vertebra?. This muscle is 

 described by Duvernoy as having one digitation inserted into the 

 occipital bone, another fusing with the sterno-mastoid, and three 

 others into the cervical vertebra?. In the Grorilla, he describes three 

 distinct fascicles ; one of which is inserted into the transverse process 

 of the Atlas, the other into the second, third, fourth, and fifth cervical 

 vertebra?. In the Magot, he describes it as I found it in this Orang. 



* Mr. Simpson noticed an undue shortness of the thumbs in the western Eskimos, 

 and the absence of calf and flatness of the thighs has been often noticed in wild races 



T)V tl**} VfM 10T*S 



f Kech. cl'Anat. Comp. sur le Chimpansee, par W. Vrolik, p. 17. 

 % Duvernoy, Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, torn. viii. p. 74. 

 VOL. I.-r-N. H. R. 3U 



